Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid in Generating Salt Stress-Tolerant Plants
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Jasmonic acid
Systemic Acquired Resistance
Salicylic acid (SA) plays many roles in plant physiology. Besides pathogenesis-related resistance, SA is involved in the response to abiotic stress. However, the effects of SA on plant resistance to abiotic stress were found contradictionary, and the actual role of SA in abiotic stress remains unresolved. Generally, deficiency of SA or a very high level of SA increase the plant susceptibility to abiotic stress. The optimal levels for the highest stress tolerance range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm for most plants. But the role of SA at a certain level in moderate and severe abiotic stress may be different. This can be attributed to redox regulations in plant cells. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and SA, and propose a subsequent intracellular signal transduction network of SA and ROS under abiotic stress. Anti-stress substances besides antioxidant enzymes induced by SA are also summarized.
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Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid play an important role in plants coping with abiotic stresses. An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on wheat under drought. Seeds were primed with jasmonic acid (100µM) and salicylic acid (10 Mm). Water stress was applied by withholding water and each treatment was replicated three times with a factorial block design. Application of Salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid mitigated drought effects in wheat. Results revealed that 100µM Jasmonic acid was more effective than 10 mM SA. Drought decreased germination by 26%, whereas application of Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid ameliorated stress with the increase of germination by 27% and 21%, respectively. An increase in the shoot length of 23% and 20% was observed with Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid, under drought conditions. The increase in water potential was 60% and 47% with JA and SA while the increase in proline and soluble sugar was 14% and 25% respectively. The application of Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid has a potential to enhance the growth of wheat plants under drought.
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Phytohormones are not only instrumental in regulating developmental processes in plants but also play important roles for the plant's responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In particular, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid have been shown to possess crucial functions in mediating or orchestrating stress responses in plants. Here, we review the role of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in pathogen defence responses with special emphasis on their function in the solanaceous plant potato.
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Salicylic acid is a natural phenolic phytohormone detected in plants. It is involved in many aspects of development and survival in unfavorable conditions (phytopathogens, high temperature, cold stress, metallic stress, salinity, UV lights). It has been demonstrated that exogenous SA application ameliorates plant survival under abiotic stress via moderating stress effects and the alteration of the intracellular SA levels. In fact, it has been demonstrated that SA controls major plant-metabolic processes and the increase of SA concentrations in cells allows tolerance to abiotic stresses. Current studies have demonstrated that SA is important for controlling numerous physiognomies in plants at the gene level by stimulating a huge number of genes for synthetizing numerous proteins (like chaperones and heat shock proteins (HSPs)) and secondary metabolites. However, the basic molecular mechanisms that control the induction of SA under abiotic stresses remain unclear. In this chapter, we highlight the recent advances and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of SA-induced abiotic stress regulation. Thus, in this chapter, we aimed to (i) overview the biosynthesis of SA under optimal environments as well as under stressful conditions in plants and (ii) highlight major aspects of abiotic stress regulation by salicylic acid at gene level.
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Signalling
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Signalling pathways
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