Numerical study of influence of target thickness and projectile incidence angle on ballistic resistance of the GFRP composites
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In this present work, the ballistic resistance of GFRP composite was investigated against 7.52 mm diameter hemispherical nose shaped projectile. The impact tests have been recreated by doing three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis on LS DYNA code. The numerical outcomes such as residual and ballistic limit velocity have been found to have close connection with the test results available in literature. The residual velocity of projectile, ballistic limit velocity and energy retaining limit and failure of the composite have additionally been discussed with changing target thickness and projectile impact angles. From the numerical outcomes, it is clear that the target thicknesses and impact angle of projectile shows critical contribution on the ballistic resistance of the target.Keywords:
Ballistic limit
Ballistic Impact
LS-DYNA
Ballistics
In this present work, the ballistic resistance of GFRP composite was investigated against 7.52 mm diameter hemispherical nose shaped projectile. The impact tests have been recreated by doing three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis on LS DYNA code. The numerical outcomes such as residual and ballistic limit velocity have been found to have close connection with the test results available in literature. The residual velocity of projectile, ballistic limit velocity and energy retaining limit and failure of the composite have additionally been discussed with changing target thickness and projectile impact angles. From the numerical outcomes, it is clear that the target thicknesses and impact angle of projectile shows critical contribution on the ballistic resistance of the target.
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There is an urgent need to develop light-weight protective structures with a sufficient protection to prevent the damage occurring during extreme loading events such as blast and ballistic impacts. This study is a part of ongoing research to develop light weight amour materials which can sustain under those severe conditions. Numerical modelling with explicit finite element code LS-DYNA has performed with realistic geometries. Ballistic protection class BR7 in European norm EN 1063 considered, thus penetration of different shaped projectiles through thick steel plates was examined. Since the geometries and materials of the projectiles have a very significant influence on the outcome of this research detail modelling of the projectiles was performed. For the purpose of this paper, perforation mechanism of 7.62mm APM2 bullet through 6mm thick Weldox 460E high strength structural steel plate was examined. Largrangian methods combined with Johnson-Cook material model available in the LS-DYNA were used for the numerical simulations. Finally the ballistic limit curve for the 6mm thick Weldox 460E plate perforated by APM2 bullet was obtained. Results were compared with the analytical models.
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Laminated panels play a vital role during the ballistic projectile impact which causes, a major structural deformation for the body of an aircraft. The important part of the hard laminated panel is to act as protective armour and the panel must be efficient enough to withstand adverse condition during its mission. The current examination has concentrated on the ballistic reaction of K29 and K129 woven Kevlar texture laminates. The experiments were carried out with laminated Kevlar composite plates directly impacted by two rigid projectiles of 7.5mm diameter steel cylindrical bullet and 9 mm hemispherical bullet. These plates were impacted at different velocities range from 150 to 250 m/s. LS-DYNA was used to model and simulate the projectile impact. FE simulation of the impact tests precisely anticipated the back face displacement (BFD) giving the maximum dynamic displacement and dynamic reaction for the conical projectile impacts, while the BFD for the hemispherical shots was low. Significantly, the numerical analysis precisely anticipated the residual velocity for the hemispherical impacts and time taken to at most extreme BFD for the cone shaped shots. Experimental testing and numerical simulation results were compared to analyze the behavior of composite laminates and the results shows good correlation.
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A dynamic model of ballistic impact against ceramic/FRP (fibre-reinforced plastic) hybrid composites is presented in this paper. This model describes each status of the projectile and armour at different instants in the process of impact. Based on the Florence and low-velocity models, a three-phase impact theory is developed which forms a dynamic model. Equations are given for different impact phases to depict erosion, momentum and displacement of the projectile and target, which are then used by the computer to make calculations and simulations. Furthermore, the dynamic model has been checked to find agreement with ballistic tests. The dynamic model will be very helpful in the estimation of ballistic impact properties and optimum design of the ceramic/FRP hybrid composites.
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The ability of Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites in arresting a projectile during a ballistic impact is dependent on climatic conditions such as temperature since their mechanical properties vary with the same. In the present work, ballistic impact experiments were carried out on plain weave GFRP composites to evaluate their performance in low-temperature environments. Square sheets of plain weave GFRP were impacted by cylindrical projectiles at four different temperatures viz. -35°C, -15°C, 0°C, and at Room temperature. A gas gun was used to propel the projectiles and the velocities were measured using a High-speed camera while the temperatures were monitored using a Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD). Strain gauges were also attached at different locations on the samples to quantify the strains due to the projectile impact. The ballistic limit obtained from the test data was found to increase linearly with reducing temperature contrary to the general expectation of degradation in the ballistic performance of GFRP at low temperatures. The Lambert-Jonas equations were fit to the experimental data and the parameters were estimated. The results obtained also indicated a decrease in stress wave attenuation and an increase in tensile strains with the decrease in temperature.
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