An assessment of recommended seed rate of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) for higher yield and income in Jaipur district of Rajasthan
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The present study was carried out at farmers field of Jaipur district of Rajasthan during Rabi 2018–19 and Rabi 2019–20 which falls in agro climatic zone III a (Semi-arid eastern plain) of Rajasthan. The soils of experimental field was sandy loam in texture normal in reaction (pH 7.0 -8.5) low in organic matter (0.19–0.46) and available nitrogen (85 kg/ha-220 kg/ha) low to medium available phosphorus (10 kg/ha-21kg/ha) and medium to high in available potassium (125 kg/ha-295kg/ha) the study consist two treatments i.e. T1-Control (Farmers practice 150 kg/ha seed rate) and T2- Recommended practice (100 kg/ha seed) on the basis of two year mean data regarding wheat yield and yield attributes. The result shows higher yield and yield attributes in recommended practice (100kg seed ha−1) than farmers practice i.e.150 kg seed ha−1Keywords:
Non-invasive ventilation
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The Field investigations were conducted in two locations viz., at Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu during March – June 2013 and at farmers field at Ko-Chathiram village, Kurinjipadi block, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu during July- October 2013 to study the effect of different levels of sulphur and boron on quality characters, nutrient uptake and post-harvest soil nutrient status of hybrid sunflower cv. Sunbred. The treatment consisted of sulphur with five levels (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 kg S ha-1) and three levels of boron (0, 0.5, 1.0 kg B ha-1). Totally fifteen treatments were tested and were laid out in factorial concept of randomized block design with three replication. The results revealed that growth, yield attributes and yield was significantly influenced by various S and B levels. Among the treatment combinations tried, 60 kg S ha-1 with B @ 1 kg ha-1 has a spectacular effect on quality characters, nutrient uptake, ultimately leading to maximum seed yield (2573.25 and 2673.84 kg ha-1) in both the crops. S @ 0 kg ha-1 with B @ 0 kg ha-1 recorded maximum availability of N, P, K and S was noticed under S 15 kg ha-1 with B @ 1.0 kg ha-1 during both the crops. The lowest values of quality characters, nutrient uptake were recorded by 0 kg S ha-1 with B @ 1 kg ha-1. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/5-11-01
Soil nutrients
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Maize production is affected by nutrition, biotic and climatic variables. To evaluate the effect of these, a field experiment was conducted in the dry seasons of 2015 and 2016 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. The treatments included three irrigation intervals, three weeding methods and seven levels of soil amendments. The experiments were laid out in split-split plot design replicated three times. The results revealed that soil amendments had positive effect on soil properties. Irrigation interval significantly influenced both weed growth and maize performance. Irrigating maize at 3 days intervals with combined application of biochar at @ 3.75 t per ha, compost @ 1.25 t per ha and NPK @ 60:30:30 kg per ha resulted in higher grain yields (2780 and 3990 kg per ha) in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Herbicide applications with biochar @ 3.75 t per ha, compost @ 1.25 kg per ha and NPK @ 60:30:30 kg per ha recorded higher grain yields (2688 kg per ha in 2015 and 3100 kg per hain2016). Combined application of biochar at @ 3.75 t per ha, compost @ 1.25 t per ha and NPK @ 60:30:30 kg per ha with irrigation at three days interval improved soil properties and recorded the highest grain yield and can be recommended in the study area.
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Twelve on-farm trials were conducted in Nandavaram village of Banaganapalle mandal in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India, during the 2002/03 rainy season to study the effects of improved production technologies (T1) and farmers' practice (T2) on pigeon pea yield. T1 consisted of a medium-duration high-yielding cultivar (ICPL 87119), sowing rate of 12 kg/ha, seed treatment with thiram (3 g/kg), inoculation with Rhizobium, 20 kg N, 50 kg P2O5/ha, basal application of micronutrient mixture (5 kg borax, 0.5 kg B/ha; 50 kg zinc sulfate, 10 kg Zn/ha; and 200 kg gypsum, 30 kg S/ha), and need-based pest and disease control measures. Inter-cultivation was conducted at 25 and 50 days after sowing to control weeds. One insecticide spray was given at the pod formation stage to control pod borers. T2 included a sowing rate of 10 kg/ha, 12 kg N/ha, and 30 kg P2O5/ha. T1 gave higher yields than T2 and recorded a mean grain yield of 1.61 t/ha, which was 204% higher than that obtained with T2 (0.53 t/ha). T1 also resulted in higher stalk yield (2.93 t/ha) than T2 (1.10 t/ha). The increased grain and stalk yields under were mainly because of increased total dry matter, pod weight, shelling percentage, 100-grain weight and harvest index. T1 recorded a higher mean income (US$290) and a cost-benefit ratio of 2.4.
Borax
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An experiment on effect of different N levels and seed rate on wheat crop was conducted during rabi seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad Telangana. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept (FRBD) at three different seeding rates of 100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1 and three nitrogen levels of 120,180 and 240 kg N ha-1. Two years pooled data indicated that significantly more number of tillers and panicles recorded in 125 kg seed rate ha-1 than 100 kg ha-1 and on par with 150 kg ha-1. Accordingly, 125 kg seed rate ha-1 recorded significantly higher grain yield (3084 kg ha-1) than 100 kg ha-1(2688 kg ha-1) and statistically similar with 150 kg ha-1 (3054 kg ha-1). Grain yield and yield attributing characters did not differ significantly among different N levels. Interaction effect showed that wheat at 125 kg ha-1 in combination with 240 kg N ha-1 obtained higher grain yield (3823 kg ha-1) which was on par with most of the treatments combinations.
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A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2014 under All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka to find out the effect of spacing and nutrient on AVT groundnut cultivar K 1641 in black soils under rainfed condition. The highest pod yield (3578 kg/ha) was found in the K 1641 as compared to check variety TGLPS 3(3194 Kg/ha). A plant spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm gave the highest pod (3845 Kg/ha) as compared to wider intra row spacing (30 cm x 20cm) (2927 kg/ha). Among the nutrient management practices, recommended dose (100%) of NPK resulted in significantly higher pod yield (3488 kg/ha) as compared to 50% recommended dose of NPK (3120 kg/ha) and failed to respond to higher level (150%) of recommended dose of NPK (3549 kg/ha). Whereas, Cultivar K 1641 responded to higher dose of nutrient application i.e. Application of FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1 + 150 % RDNPK (37.5 kg N, 112.5 kg P2O5 and 37.5 kg K2O ha-1) and registered higher net monetary returns(Rs.103013 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.88).
Vertisol
Non-invasive ventilation
Nutrient Management
Wet season
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An experiment was conducted on farmer's fields during the main cropping season of 2016/2017 in Adiyo district, Southwestern Ethiopia to optimize fertilizer rate recommendation for major cereal production systems by using bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as test crop. Experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for sixteen treatments. The grain yield and yield components were all elevated remarkably by applying different rates and types of fertilizers; five levels of N (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg ha-1); four levels of P (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1); and four levels of K (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1). In addition, the last three diagnostic treatment foliar applications 45 days after planting and compared with control (absolute zero) treatment was done. Yield and yield components were measured using the SAS statistical package program version 9.3. The least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level was used to establish the difference among the means. To investigate the economic feasibility of the fertilizers, partial budget, dominance analysis and marginal rate of return were used. There was significant difference in grain yield and yield components of bread wheat (danda‘a variety) among the treatments. As the results showed high biological yield response recorded under 92N20P20K kg ha-1 (5.62 t ha-1) and the lower yield response was under control treatment (4.09 t ha-1); but high economic yield response recorded under 23N20P kg ha-1 (5.20 t ha-1). In conclusion, the fertilizers containing nutrient rate of 23N20P (kg ha-1) had brought the higher economic net benefit (27409.99 ETB/ha) with MRR (92.61%) and showed efficient use of fertilizer. Therefore, based on the biological yield response and economic net benefit, it is recommended to apply 23N20P (kg ha-1) fertilizers at Adiyo district, Southwestern Ethiopia and areas with the same soil conditions and agro-ecology. Key words: Economic analysis, foliar application, wheat yield, nutrient type, rate.
Statistical Analysis
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A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Rajasthan) during the winter season of 2008 and 2009 to evolve an integrated nutrient management strategy for chickpea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatment combinations of FYM (0, 5 t/ha) P 2O5 (0, 40, 60 kg /ha), and sulphur (0, 20 kg/ha) replicated four times. Application of FYM @ 5t/ha, inorganic P 2O5 @ 40 kg/ha and S @ 20 kg/ha resulted significantly higher plant height, Branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, number of nodules, dry weight of nodules and hence higher seed, straw yield and protein content during 2008 and 2009.There were no significant difference observed within 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha The gross return, net return and B:C ratio increased with the application of FYM@5t/ha inorganic P2O5 @ 40 kg/ha and S @ 20 kg/ha during both the years. But highest B:C ratio was recorded under 60 kg P2O5/ha but it was on par with 40kg P2O5/ha It was concluded that for higher productivity, profitability and soil health, chickpea should be fertilized with 40 kg P2O5/ha in conjunction with 5 t/ha FYM and 20kg S/ha
Nutrient Management
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Determination of optimum seed rate and planning suitable irrigation strategy are important practices to increase productivity of wheat under irrigation. Thus, a study was undertaken to determine the effects of irrigation intervals (5, 8, 11 and 14 days) and seed rate (75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha -1 ) on yield components and yield of bread wheat during 2019 cropping season (November to April). Wheat variety ADEL-6 was used as test crop. The experimental design was split plot design with three replications using irrigation interval as the main plot factor and seed rate as sub-plot factor. Results showed that the interaction effect of irrigation interval and seed rate had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on number of total tillers, effective tillers, grain yield, aboveground dry biomass yield, straw yield and harvest index. The highest number of total tillers (54.33) and effective tillers (49.33) per 0.5 m mid length row were obtained from the seed rate of 150 kg ha -1 with irrigation interval of 5 days. On the other hand, the highest grain yield (5.40 t ha -1 ), the highest biomass yield (13.34 t ha -1 ) and the highest straw yield (7.95 t ha -1 ) were obtained from seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and irrigation interval of 11 days which were statistically at par with the seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and irrigation interval of 8 days. The partial budget analysis also showed that the highest net benefit (37375 Birr ha -1 ) was recorded from the combination of seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and irrigation interval of 11 days followed by seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and irrigation interval of 8 days with net benefit of 34156 Birr ha -1 . Thus, from the result of the study, it can tentatively be concluded that use of 100 kg ha -1 seed rate and irrigation interval ranging from 8 to 11 days can improve the productivity of bread wheat in the study area. Keywords: Field capacity, irrigation frequency, seed rate DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-1-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2021
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Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of the world and is a staple food for about one third of the world’s population. Despite the significant area of wheat production in the country, the mean national yield 1.3 t ha-1 is 24% below than mean yield for Africa and 48% below than global mean yield. A field experiment was carried out at Senegal and Selmamer during 2014 cropping season to determine the effects of sowing methods and seed rate on yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Treatments were two sowing methods namely row planting and broadcasting with six Seed rate (kg/ha): 125, 150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 kg/ha.The experimental was laid in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with thee replications. The study result depicted that sowing method and seed rate had brought significant effect on the yield of bread wheat. The maximum grain yield of 3.9 t ha-1 and the minimum 2.7 t ha-1 were obtained from seed rate of 125 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1 respectively. And the maximum grain yield of 3.5 t ha-1 was obtained from row planting and the least 3.13 t ha-1 was recorded from broadcast method; from these output we can conclude that, using of seed rate of 125 kg ha-1 and row planting is advisable for bread wheat production in the Senegal and Senmamer kebeles and their vicinities to increased wheat production and productivity.
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A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field unit, College of Agriculture, Shivamogga during kharif 2015-2016 and 2016-17 on sandy loamy soils to evaluate performance of promising Greengram varieties (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) as influenced by planting density and fertilizer levels under rain fed situation in Southern Transitional Zone of Karnataka. Among three different varieties KKM-3 gave significantly higher grain yield (1056.91 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4107.01 kg ha-1) than PDM 84-647.17 178 (kg ha-1 and 2438.10 kg ha-1, respectively) and SBM-1 (746.55 kg ha-1 and 3097.03 kg ha-1, respectively. KKM-3 sown on 15th July recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield (1252.86kg ha-1 and 4912.04 kg ha-1 respectively) followed by sowing KKM-3 on 30th of July (878.82 kg ha-1and 3286.72 kg ha-1, respectively). Significantly higher grain of greengram was found with the recommended (30 ×10 cm) spacing (925.54 kg ha-1) followed by 45x10 cm spacing (883.42 kg ha-1). The grain and straw yield of greengram nutrition with 25:50:25 N P205 and K2O was 855.47 and 3498.70 kg ha-1 respectively, which increased to 953.50 and 3768.92 kg ha-1 due to125% higher recommended dose i.e. 31.25:62.5:31.25 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1.
Kharif crop
Radiata
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