In vitro grafting of ‘Sahand’ cultivar on two wild almond rootstocks and evaluation of its some physiological and biochemical traits vis-a-vis different rootstocks
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In this research, 'Pozao'(PF) plantlets infected with JWB as rootstock and healthy Dongzao(DF) as scion are used in the micro grafting. The experiment tries employing auxin regulation, darkness and the grafting methods to improve the situation of the stem thickness. The results show that darkness can increase the stem diameter and internode and reduce the effort in removing the unwanted sprouts afterwards, while other methods like adding auxin regulation are proved mostly ineffective. Two combinations of scion-rootstock, healthy 'Dongzao'grafted on diseased Pozao(marked D/PF) and healthy Dongzao grafted on diseased 'Dongzao'(marked D/DF),are compared. The result indicates that genetic relationship has some effect on micro grafting. The rootstocks and scions were observed day by day, and it is found that the JWB phytoplasma was successfully transmitted into the scion from the diseased rootstock.
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A study was conducted to determine if raising tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) in cleaned and disinfected used perlite would be more economical than new perlite and have no negative impact on yield. Cleaning and disinfecting used perlite for recycling saved 56% of the cost to replace the media and reduced salt content to the optimum level recommended for raising container grown plants. Disinfecting used perlite with hot water raised media temperatures above limits necessary to kill several fungi and nematodes. Tomatoes planted in recycled perlite produced greater marketable yield and heavier fruit than those planted in new perlite. Season and year of planting also have significant effects on yield. Used perlite can be cleaned and disinfected as needed and recycled for many years because it is not organic in nature and physically and chemically stable.
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The graft robot (named ZSTU-GR01), developed by authors, is an automatic machine for grafting fruits and vegetables with parallel insert method. The objective of this research is to test the performance of ZSTU-GR01 automatic graft robot and find out the most suitable seedling parameters for grafting. Thus a PLC program and a grafting experiment for graft robot were developed. The experimental results showed that the total grafting speed was 514 seedlings per hour, and total success rate was 84%. Eight independent comparison experiments showed that the most suitable seedling parameters for grafting were: rootstock diameter 3.5-4.5(mm); scion diameter 2-3(mm); rootstock stem and scion stem straight; angle of rootstock cotyledons close to 180 degrees.
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The labor-efficient automation of grafting has been recognized as a key factor in the wider adoption of grafting. In growing cucurbits, the root pruned one-cotyledon grafting method is the most commonly used method with grafting machines. The cutting angle, which affects the matching of the rootstock and scion, is key to the survival of the graft seedling. In the production of cucurbit graft seedlings, the cutting parameters are established based on experience, leading to low grafting success. To determine accurate cutting parameters, the watermelon cv. ‘Zaojia84-24′ was used as the scion and the pumpkin cv. ‘Zhenzhuang’ was used as rootstock, and two one-way experiments investigating the cutting angle of the watermelon scion and the rootstock as factors were conducted. The cutting angle of the rootstock and scion had no significant effect on the xylem reconnection rate or the grafting survival rate. A larger cutting angle for the rootstock and scion led to a delay in the reconnection of the phloem. Different cutting angles for the scion significantly affected the growth of the scion after grafting. Compared with a scion graft cutting angle of 10° (SL), graft cutting angles of 14° (SM) and 20° (SS) led to significantly greater scion dry weights, with increases of 16.00% and 18.61%, respectively. Different cutting angles of the rootstock significantly affected the growth of roots after grafting. Compared with a rootstock graft cutting angle of 10° (RL), graft cutting angles of 17° (RM) and 27° (RS) led to significantly greater root dry weights, with increases of 29.33% and 22.54%, respectively. The results of this study can provide a reference for the design of cutting mechanisms for cucurbit grafting robots, improving the cutting precision of grafting robots.
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Effect of different grafting rootstock on the characters of Cantaloup was studied. The results showed that, Xuetielong and Shengzhan No.1 were appropriate for graft cultivation, the performance of affinity was good, growth vigour was strong, it had strong resistance to disease, good quality and high production.
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This study was carried out during the seasons of 2006 and 2007 to present the suitable date of grafting for Zebda, Fagriklan, Seedek, Ewais and Keitt mango cultivars onto Zebda rootstock in order to obtain a higher successful grafts of mango cultivars.Grafting mango cultivars with the cleft method especially on April produced a higher percent of successful grafts and gave highest scion growth with longer, thicker shoot and more number of leaves on the seedling than those taken in September.Furthermore, grafting both Zebda and Fagriklan on Zebda rootstock gave higher values of successful grafts and growth of the transplant than those obtained from grafting Seedek, Ewais and Keitt on the same rootstock.Whereas, Ewais and Keitt cultivars gave less vigorous grafts than that obtained from the other cultivars in the two dates of grafting.
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This paper mainly describes and comparatively analyzes the perlite processing and utilization at home and abroad.Perlite is mainly used as building material in China,while besides the building materials;perlite can also be applied to livestock and pharmaceutical industries in America.The future strategies should be cantered on the comprehensive utilization of perlite and the development of value-added perlite-based products based on the further understanding of perlite minerals and their physical and chemical properties.
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Abstract The production of grafted seedlings requires longer periods of time. The technique of mini-grafting onto rootstocks previously obtained from herbaceous cuttings can guarantee the genetic fidelity of scion and rootstock and allows grafting onto smaller-diameter stems, accelerating the time required to obtain seedlings. The aim of this study was to anticipate the formation of ‘Paluma’ guava seedlings grafted onto clonal rootstocks with smaller-diameter stems. Treatments consisted of grafting onto rootstocks with five stem diameter classes. The experimental design was randomised blocks with three replicates and five seedlings per plot. Rootstocks were produced from cuttings of herbaceous branches of mother plants originating from crossing between P. guineense and P. cattleianum. Mini-grafts were obtained from a clonal ‘Paluma’ guava mini-garden . Seedlings grafted onto rootstocks with stem diameters from 3.7 to 10.3 mm presented the same success rate however the greatest seedling vigour was observed when grafted onto larger-diameter rootstocks. Grafting success and seedling height show that mini-grafting onto clonal rootstocks with diameters from 3.7 to 5.5 mm allows producing seedlings suitable for transplanting 300 days after cutting.
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The actual methods of perlite drying are established. The radiation method of perlite drying is offered. A description of an experimental installation for drying perlite by the radiation method is given. The kinetic regularities of this method are established. Graphical dependences of moisture content on drying time, perlite surface temperature on drying time, and drying speed of perlite on drying time are described. The influence of the initial moisture content of perlite, the value of the heat flux density from the infrared emitter, the thickness of the perlite layer, and the value of the perlite fraction were determined. The analysis on the resulted graphic dependences is made. A drying installation with a combined drying method is proposed. The general conclusions concerning the expediency of a radiation method of drying perlite are made.
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The processing of perlite included the processing of expanded perlite,the surface modification of perlite and the polishing of perlite.The utilization of perlite included the application of expanded perlite,the utilization of perlite tailings and its utilization in enviromental protection,etc.
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