Overview of the Development and Application of the Twin Screw Expander
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With the development of society, the energy crisis has become increasingly prominent, which greatly affects the sustainable development of the economy of various countries. Industrial energy consumption accounts for more than 70% of China’s total energy consumption, of which more than 50% is converted to industrial waste heat, and recyclable waste heat resources account for about 60% of the total waste heat resources, while China’s current utilization rate of industrial waste heat only reaches about 30%. The development of renewable energy and recovery of low-grade waste heat in industry is the key to solve the problem. As a type of volumetric expander with full flow expansion, the screw expander is extensively applied in the industrial waste heat recovery and geothermal energy generation industry because of its effective utilization of low enthalpy energy. Improving the performance of the screw expander as the core, the paper concludes and summarizes the research status of the leakage, rotor geometry, sealing and lubrication, processing and manufacturing, which can affect the performance of the screw expander. In addition, it also introduces the application status and potential utilization of screw expander.Renewable heat
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This paper proposes a waste heat recovery system based on temperature difference power generation, which aims to utilize the residual heat in the exhaust flue of chimneys or kilns. The system consists of three parts such as heat collection module, semiconductor power generator, and heat dissipation module, and the residual heat is directly converted into electrical energy and output by temperature difference power generation. The voltage and resistance are measured and analyzed on this basis. This design realizes the waste heat recovery of boiler flue gas, prevents a large amount of waste heat from being discharged into the environment, reduces the greenhouse effect and makes secondary use of the waste heat.
Recuperator
Air preheater
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Abstract The accelerating growth of electricity demand necessitates looking for potential waste heat recovery solutions in production industries. Significant potential for efficient waste heat recovery is observed in the cement manufacturing industry. Based on the waste heat source temperatures in a cement plant, two potential candidates, the supercritical CO2 Brayton (S-CO2) cycle or the Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), promises low capital cost and enhanced thermodynamic performance. The current study focuses on modelling and optimization of the S-CO2 and ORC cycles for a 1 MTPA cement plant, with the raw-clinker preheater as the waste-heat source. The primary objective is to maximize the net-power output using genetic algorithms. A comparative performance analysis of the two ORCs with working fluids: R134a and Propane, the simply recuperated S-CO2 cycle (RC) and recompressed-recuperated S-CO2 cycle (RRC) configurations is presented with varying number of preheaters. For all cases, ORC-R134a yields more power than the ORC-Propane, RC, and RRC configurations. In terms of the waste heat recovered, ORC-Propane marginally outperforms ORC-R134a. The ORC configurations recover 32%–38% of the available heat, while the S-CO2 configurations recover, at maximum, 25%–30% of the available heat.
Organic Rankine Cycle
Air preheater
Degree Rankine
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Industrial waste heat is the energy that is generated in industrial processes which is not put into any practical use and is lost, wasted and dumped into the environment. Recovering the waste heat can be conducted through various waste heat recovery technologies to provide valuable energy sources and reduce the overall energy consumption. In this paper, a comprehensive review is made of waste heat recovery methodologies and state of the art technologies used for industrial processes. By considering the heat recovery opportunities for energy optimisation in the steel and iron, food, and ceramic industries, a revision of the current practices and procedures is assessed. The research is conducted on the operation and performance of the commonly used technologies such as recuperators, regenerators, including furnace regenerators and rotary regenerators or heat wheels, passive air preheaters, regenerative and recuperative burners, plate heat exchangers and economisers and units such as waste heat boilers and run around coil (RAC). Techniques are considered such as direct contact condensation recovery, indirect contact condensation recovery, transport membrane condensation and the use of units such as heat pumps, heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs), heat pipe systems, Organic Rankine cycles, including the Kalina cycle, that recover and exchange waste heat with potential energy content. Furthermore, the uses of new emerging technologies for direct heat to power conversion such as thermoelectric, piezoelectric, thermionic, and thermo photo voltaic (TPV) power generation techniques are also explored and reviewed. In this regard, the functionality of all technologies and usage of each technique with respect to their advantages and disadvantages is evaluated and described.
Organic Rankine Cycle
Energy Recovery
Recuperator
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For energy saving and consumption reduction,the waste heat recovery of flue gas from sinter straight cooler is very important to steel enterprises.The close flow system of waste heat recovery of flue gas cools the sinter using the exhaust from the boiler of waste heat recovery,which can elevate the temperature of recovery flue gas to make the best use of waste heat,and to reduce environment pollution enormously.For elevating the temperature and the ratio of waste heat recovery,the principles of the waste heat recovery cycle system of flue gas were discussed.Numerical model of energy equation of the cycle sysytem was built,the flue gas flow of cycle and the optimal selection of flue gas were also carried out.The design program of the cycle system of flue gas were also carried out.The theory and technology of the recovery waste heat are provided to the great energy consumption enterprises.
Energy Recovery
Flue
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Energy conversion technologies, where waste heat recovery systems are included, have received significant attention in recent years due to reasons that include depletion of fossil fuel, increasing oil prices, changes in climatic conditions, and global warming. For low temperature applications, there are many sources of thermal waste heat, and several recovery systems and potential useful applications have been proposed by researchers [1-4]. In addition, many types of equipment are used to recover waste thermal energy from different systems at low, medium, and high temperature applications, such as heat exchangers, waste heat recovery boiler, thermo-electric generators, and recuperators. In this paper, the focus is on waste heat recovery from air conditioners, and an efficient application of these energy resources. Integration of solar energy with heat pump technologies and major factors that affect the feasibility of heat recovery systems have been studied and reviewed as well. KEYWORDS: waste heat recovery; heat pump.
Energy Recovery
Renewable heat
Thermal energy
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Coefficient of performance
Recuperator
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This report analyzes the characteristics of an absorption refrigerator driven by steam and hot water and connected with a waste heat recovery system of a phosphoric-acid fuel-cell power-generation plant. First, a simulation of a waste heat recovery system is constructed and the characteristics of this system are confirmed. Next, throughout the experimental research and the simulation analysis, the influences of the cooling water temperature on the heat recovery and cooling capacity of the absorption refrigerator are clarified. And the effectiveness of a year-round cooling system using the absorption refrigerator driven by waste heat from the fuel cell is made clear.
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Phosphoric acid
Cooling capacity
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The existing situation of the techniques used in vehicles about recycling the exhaust energy is analyzed.The paper introduces the characteristics of waste heat recovery systems,and shows the basic structure of waste heat recovery system.For waste heat refrigeration technology and waste heat electric-power generation technology,their parameters and characteristics of the systems are compared respectively.According to two kinds of technologies in a common problem,the key technologies of waste heat recovery are put forward.
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Under the environment that the International Maritime Organization (IMO) will have stricter requirements for ship energy conservation and emission reduction, the use of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology to recover ship waste heat for power generation is one of the most promising methods. According to the grade characteristics and distribution characteristics of ship waste heat under different working conditions, this paper theoretically evaluates the feasibility of recovering exhaust gas waste heat, scavenge air cooling waste heat, and jacket cooling water waste heat, and summarizes the application status of using ORC technology to recover ship waste heat. It is proposed that ORC using multiple heat sources to recover is the future development trend. However, the safety of the applicable working fluid, lower actual efficiency, and longer input payback period are still bottlenecks that limit the application of ORC technology on ships. At the same time, for the subsequent in-depth research of ORC technology to recover ship waste heat for power generation, this paper uses a scroll expander as the core part to build an ORC system experimental bench for recovering ship waste heat. R245fa is used as the circulating working fluid. The 120 °C -150 °C high-temperature steam generated by the electric steam boiler and the 70 °C -90 °C hot water generated by the hot water device are used to simulate the exhaust gas waste heat and jacket cooling water waste heat of the marine diesel engine, respectively. The preliminary test results show that the basic ORC system can produce the maximum net output power of 526 W with heat source of 90 °C and hence the bench can work in order.
Organic Rankine Cycle
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Rankine cycle
Degree Rankine
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