The Antecedents of Smartphone Technology Addiction among Hotel Employees
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Abstract:
Smartphone technology has surpassed the basic necessity of human basics needs, from a want to a need in life. It has become a very important tool that helps with our work and everything we do in our daily life. Hence, with the excessive freedom of use of smartphone technology, it has become an addictive behaviour which provides a negative effect affecting our daily life. This study investigates the addiction of smartphone technology in Sarawak based on their psychological and behavioural motives. In this present study, the link between antecedents such as perceived enjoyment, pastime, mood regulation and conformity (whether any positive or negative effect) and smartphone addiction was examined. Smartphone addiction was related to a greater amount of leisure time spent on the smartphone and was strongly related to a positive impact of smartphone use on a daily work basis. With that, this study will be conducted using SPSS version 23 to analyse the data collected from the distribution of questionnaires to the sample population which is 200. The sample size will be generated from the used of G*power software. Statistical data revealed that perceived enjoyment, mood regulation, pastime, and conformity positively significant with smartphone addiction. This study has covered the limitation of the unknown studies about smartphone addiction among hotel employees in the Asian context.Keywords:
Sample (material)
Conformity
Smartphone addiction
Although people often disapprove of conformity, they also dislike when others deviate from group norms. What explains this ambivalence? We hypothesized that judgments of conformity would be affected by whether people view it as motivated by self-interested or benevolent motives. Four studies ( N = 808), using both hypothetical and real-life instances of conformity, support this prediction. We find that people judge those who conform to gain social approval ( self-interested conformity) as weak-willed, but those who conform out of concern for their group ( benevolent conformity) as competent and possessing strong character. In addition, we predict and find that people view self-interested conformity as “fake” but benevolent conformity as revealing one’s true self. Finally, we show that differences in perceived intentions explain how people sustain positive self-regard while succumbing to group pressures and why people judge their own conformity more favorably than others’ conformity. We discuss implications for encouraging and discouraging conformity.
Conformity
Ambivalence
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In post-WTO era,consumers become the key resources of enterprises' survival and development because of the intensive competition.More and more enterprises came to know that fostering true loyal consumers should start when the customers were young.Based on the fruits of social psychology, this study introduces a new moderate variable to interpret adolescents' conformity,non-conformity and counter-conformity consumption behavior.The results show that adolescents will pursue non-conformity or counter-conformity when the self-congruity is high,while they will pursue non-conformity or conformity when the self-congruity is low.
Conformity
Consumption
Empirical Research
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Abstract The effects of reinforcement, social approval and sex on conformity were studied. Seventy‐two male and 72 female college Ss were divided into equal high and low need for social approval groups. Each group was assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conformity conditions: (a) True‐agree; (b) neutral; and (c) true‐disagree. The groups were tested via a social conformity apparatus. It was found that: (a) Reinforcement for agreeing with a contrived group consensus (true‐agree group) elicited more conformity than social pressure without reinforcement (neutral group), which in turn elicted more conformity than reinforcement for disagreeing with the consensus (trueA‐ disagree group); (b) females conformed more than males; (c) there was a slight tendency for high social approval Ss to conform more than low social approval Ss. Conformity was explained in terms of social learning, and it was suggested that the situational factor of reinforcement was a more important determinant of conformity than the motivational factor of social approval. The modified conformity scoring procedure used focuses on the conformity process.
Conformity
Situational ethics
Social approval
Social pressure
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Aim: The study examines the relationship between college nursing students’ smartphone addiction and internet addictions.Material and Method: The sample of this descriptive relationship-seeking study included 788 college nursing students. A personal information form, the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Internet Addiction Scale were used as data collection tools.Results: The participants had high smartphone and internet addiction scores. The males were more prone to exhibit addictive behavior. The addiction scores of the students who cannot stand to be away from their phones were higher. Students involved in sports and students with reading habits had lower addiction scores. A strong positive correlation was found between students’ smartphone and internet addiction scores.Conclusions: Due to the strong correlation between smartphone and internet addiction, it was concluded that further research is needed to investigate addictive behaviors, particularly for smartphone addiction.
Smartphone addiction
Positive correlation
Addictive behavior
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A recent review by Montag et al. raised a taxonomical argument about internet addiction. We propose a two-dimensional taxonomy of internet addiction by both the device and the content as the solution. For the assessment of smartphone addiction, measurements should be based on functional impairment and validated by diagnostic criteria rather than solely on self-reported questionnaires. We detail the potential of mobile applications (apps) to improve the assessment of smartphone addiction. App-generated indicators could fulfill the unmet need of assessment of smartphone addiction and facilitate future assessment and treatment planning of smartphone addiction.
Smartphone addiction
Behavioral addiction
Smartphone application
Mobile apps
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Individuals tend to conform to a majority for reasons of peer pressure (normative conformity) and insecurity (informational conformity). It is important to investigate the reasons for social phenomena such as conformity in order to better understand processes in hybrid teams (i.e., teams which consist of humans and robots). Research has yielded conflicting results on conformity with robot and hybrid majorities, and the reasons for conformity remain unclear. We conducted a within-subject online experiment $(\mathrm{n}=103)$ to compare the reasons for conformity under three conditions: human, robot, and hybrid majorities. Results indicate that subjects conformed most often with hybrid majorities, while they conformed least often with robot majorities. Normative conformity influenced conformity with human majorities, but informational conformity did not. Informational conformity influenced conformity with robot majorities, but normative conformity did not. Both types of conformity affected conformity with hybrid majorities. Our results provide a possible explanation for the heterogeneous findings on conformity in HRI.
Conformity
Normative social influence
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Smartphone addiction
Food addiction
Positive correlation
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This article contains research on the development of conformity behaviors in social networks, in which individuals change their ideas or behavior in keeping with a group. Social networks originated from the experiment called small world phenomenon, which concluded that in the United States, the average distance between one person to another person is six persons, which can also be called Six Degrees of Separation, proving the existence of a social network of people. Conformity behavior refers to individuals changing their behavior under real or imagined group pressure to adapt to the behavioral responses of others. conformity behavior in social networks is mainly studied through questionnaires, websites, and simulation modeling.
Conformity
Social pressure
Social network (sociolinguistics)
Phenomenon
Collective Behavior
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Stress is closely associated with smartphone addiction. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of studies investigating the potential variation in the effect of stress on smartphone addiction based on the specific addiction type and gender. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 596 high school students. The results revealed that the effect size of stress on smartphone addiction varied across different types of addiction. The strongest relationship was observed between stress and social media addiction, followed by the relationship between stress and information acquisition addiction. Furthermore, gender played a significant moderating role in stress and three types of smartphone addiction. Specifically, stress was strongly associated with information acquisition addiction overall, with no significant gender differences observed. In contrast, stress exhibited a strong correlation with social media addiction, which was significantly more prevalent among females. On the other hand, game addiction and short-form video addiction were both strongly associated with stress, but showed significantly higher prevalence among males. This study enhances current research by offering supplementary insights into the correlation between stress and smartphone addiction, as well as exploring the potential implications of intervening in smartphone addiction.
Smartphone addiction
Behavioral addiction
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Conformity
Philosophy of language
Conformity assessment
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