Dispersion spreading of a femtosecond laser pulse in a mixture dry air – water vapor
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The results of measure of the duration of a femtosecond laser pulse propagating in a mixture of dry air and water vapor (atmosphere) on a hundred-meter atmospheric track have been presented. Measurements have been made for a spectrally limited pulse and a pulse with initial frequency-phase modulation. A model for calculating the humidity and refractive index of a multicomponent medium for estimating the dispersion spread of an ultrashort pulse in the atmosphere has been discussed.Keywords:
Pulse duration
The development of Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser is reviewed. The basic principl es of its mode-locking, ultrashort pulse generation and its amplifiers are intro duced. The ultrafast time-resolved laser spectroscopy, including femtosecond flu orescence up-conversion and optical Kerr effect as well as its applications are presented.
Ti:sapphire laser
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By controlling the spectral amplitude, phase and polarization of the femtosecond laser pulse in the frequency domain, a shaped femtosecond laser pulse with almost arbitrary pulse shape in time domain can be obtained, and this femtosecond laser pulse shaping technique provides a new experimental tool to study the nonlinear interaction between light and atoms or molecules. In this paper, we introduce the development history, technical method, control technique and relevant applications of the femtosecond laser pulse shaping technique, and also carry out a prospect on the research trends of this technique.
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We will describe the latest developments in computer controlled femtosecond pulse-shaping. The use of shaped ultrashort waveforms has already yielded new experimental results. 1 Application of programmable femtosecond waveforms for optical control of molecular behaviour has been treated theoretically. 2 The technique involves linear filtering of the spatially dispersed frequency components of an ultrashort pulse. Recollimation of the dispersed beam yields a waveform ‘shaped’ in the time domain. The present results expand on the pioneering works by Weiner, Heritage, and coworkers at Bellcore 3,4 who first demonstrated femtosecond pulse-shaping using these methods.
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Femtosecond spectral holography is a very important technique of femtosecond pulse shaping, which permits storage, recalling and processing of femtosecond pulse signals. Femtosecond spectral holography technique and new applications of femtosecond pulse shaping with space-time conversion in femtosecond chemistry are presented
Femtosecond pulse
Femtochemistry
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The temporal pulse shape is given by Fourier transform of spatial pattern transferred from the phase and amplitude masks onto the spectrum. By changing the spectrum and the phase of an ultrafast pulse in space, the recombined laser pulse has controllable temporal shape in time. The shaped ultrafast pulse generation and characterization have been applied in the studies of ultrashort pulse code division multiple access (CDMA) communications, image processing in biomedicine, femtosecond chemistry etc. Some methods of femtosecond pulse shaping for time-to-space conversion of ultrafast optical waveforms are summarized.
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We discuss techniques allowing to measure the duration of ultrashort laser pulses. In particular, a new method is described, which recovers the phase, amplitude and absolute intensity of femtosecond pulses, allowing to reconstruct the temporal pulse profile with femtosecond resolution. It is based on the spectral analysis, at different time delays, of a probe pulse experiencing cross-phase modulation induced by a pump pulse.
Temporal resolution
Pulse duration
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飞秒脉冲整形技术通过时空变换对飞秒脉冲进行处理，以产生可满足需要的各种波形，已经广泛应用在生物及医学成像、信号处理、飞秒化学等领域。介绍了整形飞秒脉冲在显微成像、飞秒化学和通信领域的应用，对比了应用整形飞秒脉冲后的实验效果较之前的改进。
The femtosecond pulse shaping technology, which transforms the femtosecond pulse through temporal-spatial conversion to generate various kinds of wave form in need, has been widely applied in the areas including image processing in biomedicine, signalling, femtochemistry, etc. The applications of femtosecond pulse shaping technology in the areas of microscopic imaging, femtochemistry and communications are introduced. The improvement in the results of experiments with the femtosecond pulse shaping technology compared to the former experiments without the technology is found out.
Femtochemistry
Femtosecond pulse
Ultrafast optics
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With the development of ultrafast science, free-electron lasers (FELs) with ultrashort pulses have become a state-of-the-art tool in ultrafast phenomena studies. In an externally seeded FEL, the output pulse duration is usually determined both by the seed laser pulse duration and FEL amplification process, which can hardly reach the timescale of a few femtoseconds. In this study, through a simple method of changing the relative time delay and correspondingly the pulse energy of the two seed lasers employed in a seeded FEL, we demonstrated the possibility of generating few-femtosecond soft X-ray pulses and controlling the final FEL pulse durations. Based on theoretical calculations and practical experiments, we conducted a detailed study on the capabilities and limitations to this method with the parameters of the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL Facility. Start-to-end simulations indicate that we can achieve ultrashort soft X-ray FEL pulses with the pulse duration down to 5.2 fs, and the final pulse durations can also be controlled in terms of relative time delays.
Pulse duration
Ultrashort pulse laser
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Modulated pulse shapes in a dispersive transparent material due to group-velocity dispersion, self-phase modulation, and self-focusing induced by a femtosecond laser light were observed directly with a femtosecond time-resolved imaging technique probing the induced instantaneous birefringence.
Femtosecond pulse
Self-phase modulation
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Considerable progress has taken place in the generation and application of ultrashort optical pulses. The methods and techniques for extending time-resolved measurements into the femtosecond (10(-15) second) time domain are described, and recent applications and fertile areas for investigation with femtosecond pulses are discussed.
Ultrafast optics
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