Doppler velocimeter based on dual-comb absorption spectroscopy
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The determination of airflow parameters is essential to the research of critical information on environment monitoring, chemical kinetics, and aerodynamic and propulsion applications. During the past few decades, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy has become a common and efficient tool for the flow velocity measurement based on the Doppler shift of the absorption line. Dual-comb absorption spectroscopy (DCAS), as a state-of-the-art Fourier-transform broadband spectroscopic technique, not only can detect multiple trace molecules in parallel but also can extract Doppler shifts to derive the flow velocity through the analysis of dozens of molecular absorption lines simultaneously with high precision. Here, we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of the velocity measurements of acetylene at various flow velocities by means of a high-resolution and broadband DCAS. Mode-resolved Doppler-shifted rotational-vibrational lines in the P branch of acetylene molecules are obtained. A model for multiline Doppler frequency determination is investigated and experimentally verified. The flow velocity measurements with a measuring uncertainty down to the submeter per second over the range from 8.7 m/s to 44.8 m/s at an effective time resolution of 1 s and a measuring uncertainty of 1.97 m/s at 0.1 s are demonstrated. With broadband mid-infrared frequency combs covering atmospheric transmission windows, the open-path measurement for monitoring diffusion of the weak pollutant source would be realized.Keywords:
Fourier transform spectroscopy
Trace gas
Based on the Off-axis Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy(OA-CEAS)technique,a high sensitivity pollution gas detection system was made by using a tunable near infrared diode laser as light source and a high finesse optical cavity with two plan-concave mirrors of reflectivity of 97.97% as absorption cell.The absorption spectra of N2O gas mixtures centered at 6 561.39cm-1 were obtained. The relationship between the absorption intensity and gaseous concentration was obtained by recording the absorption spectra of N2O gas mixtures at different concentration.The line-width of absorption spectroscopy vs the gas pressure and the detection limit was discussed as well.The minimum detection concentration was found to be 86ppm using this cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy system. Indicating the cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy is a sensitive,easy manipulated,robust and simplified technique,which can be used for rapid gas analysis.
Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Finesse
Optical cavity
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Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology (TDLAS) has been widely applied in gaseous component analysis based on gas molecular absorption spectroscopy. When dealing with molecular absorption signals, the desired signal is usually interfered by various noises from electronic components and optical paths. This paper introduces TDLAS-specific signal processing issues and summarizes effective algorithms so solve these.
SIGNAL (programming language)
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The determination of airflow parameters is essential to the research of critical information on environment monitoring, chemical kinetics, and aerodynamic and propulsion applications. During the past few decades, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy has become a common and efficient tool for the flow velocity measurement based on the Doppler shift of the absorption line. Dual-comb absorption spectroscopy (DCAS), as a state-of-the-art Fourier-transform broadband spectroscopic technique, not only can detect multiple trace molecules in parallel but also can extract Doppler shifts to derive the flow velocity through the analysis of dozens of molecular absorption lines simultaneously with high precision. Here, we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of the velocity measurements of acetylene at various flow velocities by means of a high-resolution and broadband DCAS. Mode-resolved Doppler-shifted rotational-vibrational lines in the P branch of acetylene molecules are obtained. A model for multiline Doppler frequency determination is investigated and experimentally verified. The flow velocity measurements with a measuring uncertainty down to the submeter per second over the range from 8.7 m/s to 44.8 m/s at an effective time resolution of 1 s and a measuring uncertainty of 1.97 m/s at 0.1 s are demonstrated. With broadband mid-infrared frequency combs covering atmospheric transmission windows, the open-path measurement for monitoring diffusion of the weak pollutant source would be realized.
Fourier transform spectroscopy
Trace gas
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Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Optical cavity
Instrumental chemistry
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Abstract Spectroscopic methods afford a number of advantages for making atmospheric measurements. It is a passive technique which is capable of making real time, in situ measurements. Since each molecules has a characteristic spectrum it is possible to make simultaneous measurement of a number of species. In addition, unequivocal identification of the target species is possible if the instrument has sufficient spectral resolution. Detection limits as low as 1 part in 10 13 have been reported as well as dynamic ranges as high as 10 8 . Temporal resolution of fractions of a second can be achieved for “eddy correlation” flux measurements. – Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is, perhaps, the most universal method and is particularly useful in identifying new species in heavily polluted air. However, it lacks the sensitivity required for measurements of trace gases in clean air. Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) operates in the visible and the near UV which limits the number of measurable species. But it is capable of measuring highly reactive gases such as OH, NO 3 , and HONO. Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) has very high spectral resolution, sensitivity and time response. Its main disadvantage is the need for a number of laser diodes to cover a wide spectral range. Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) is also capable of both high sensitivity and specificity. However, rather complex excitation sources have to be devised for each gas being investigated. Photoacoustic Absorption Spectroscopy (PAS) is, in principle very simple and capable of simultaneous measurements. In practice, however, it suffers from lack of resolution and serious interferences from CO 2 and H 2 O.
Trace gas
Spectral resolution
Fourier transform spectroscopy
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
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Cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy is a direct absorption technique, which can be performed with pulsed or continuous light sources and has a significantly higher sensitivity than obtainable in conventional absorption spectroscopy. The CRD technique is based upon the measurement of the rate of absorption rather than the magnitude of absorption of a light pulse confined in a closed optical cavity with a high Q factor. The advantage over normal absorption spectroscopy results from, firstly, the intrinsic insensitivity to light source intensity fluctuations and, secondly, the extremely long effective path lengths (many kilometres) that can be realized in stable optical cavities. In the last decade, it has been shown that the CRD technique is especially powerful in gas-phase spectroscopy for measurements of either strong absorptions of species present in trace amounts or weak absorptions of abundant species. In this review, we emphasize the various experimental schemes of CRD spectroscopy, and we show how these schemes can be used to obtain spectroscopic information on atoms, molecules, ions and clusters in many environments such as open air, static gas cells, supersonic expansions, flames and discharges.
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Article dissertates the basic theory that how absorption spectroscopy is used in the long-distance nocuous gas intrusion exploration. It discusses about the technology of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). It is put forward the actualization method of the nocuous gas detection in the long-distance area. It is introduced how the atmospheric trace intrusion gas is detected with the beam of wide spectrum light, a series of optical apparatus and DOAS computing. Also, the potential technologies and instrument in the future are prospected.
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Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy has been applied in the fields of atmospheric chemistry and monitoring pollutant gases as a new method of measuring trace gases. The technique of remote sensing of CO and CO2 at 760 mm Hg pressure with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy in the near-infrared region is introduced. And the relationship between the second-harmonic spectrum of CO2 in Lorentzian line shape and the modulation amplitude is also presented.
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Harmonic
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External cavity diode laser (ECDL) in Littman and Littrow configuration are optimized for optical sensor applications in industrial environments. The performance of the ECDL are demonstrated by water vapor absorption spectroscopy and rubidium saturated-absorption spectroscopy.
Rubidium
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Dispersion spectroscopic sensing of trace gases, measuring the anomalous dispersion at a molecular resonance rather than absorption, has experienced increased attention in the past view years. Their advantages over absorption based spectroscopic sensing are the independence of signals from laser power and their linearity with concentration, even for optically thick samples. In this contribution, we give a comparative discussion of performance, noise and limitations of dispersion and absorption spectroscopy. We relate dispersion spectroscopy to phase-shift rangefinding, for which figures of merit are available in literature. Based on our analysis we conclude that dispersion spectroscopy cannot outperform absorption spectroscopy in most experimental situations. In some applications, where the optical power reaching the detector is unstable, dispersion spectroscopic techniques can, however, be advantageous.
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