Ultralow Threshold Cavity-Free Laser Induced by Total Internal Reflection
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Total internal reflection is one of the most important phenomena when a propagated wave strikes a medium boundary, which possesses a wide range of applications spanning from optical communication to a fluorescence microscope. It has also been widely used to demonstrate conventional laser actions with resonant cavities. Recently, cavity-free stimulated emission of radiation has attracted great attention in disordered media because of several exciting physical phenomena, ranging from Anderson localization of light to speckle-free imaging. However, unlike conventional laser systems, the total internal reflection has never been implemented in the study of laser actions derived from randomly distributed media. Herein, we demonstrate an ultra-low threshold cavity-free laser system using air bubbles as scattering centers in which the total internal reflection from the surface of air bubbles can greatly reduce the leakage of the scattered beam energy and then enhance light amplification within a coherent closed loop. Our approach provides an excellent alternative for the manipulation of optical energy flow to achieve ultra-low threshold cavity-free laser systems, which should be very useful for the development of high performance optoelectronic devices.Keywords:
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This paper begins by "re-introducing" the phenomenon of total internal reflection and the associated critical angle, including a careful discussion of the extent to which the "total" in TIR is truly total, and the "critical" in critical angle is truly critical. Although in one sense these points are largely of theoretical interest, they also have an applied aspect in relation to controlling TIR. From this perspective, two practical applications of TIR are discussed. The first involves illuminating engineering applications with prism light guides, and the second concerns electronic image displays employing frustrated TIR. In both cases the unique attributes of TIR play a key role in the efficiency and practicality of these applications.
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This paper examines some problems with teaching reflection,and proposes a principle of Seven Combinations to resolve those problems from perspectives of subject,approach and content etc.,that is,combinations of individual and collective reflection,static and dynamic reflection,practical and academic reflection,multifaceted and focused reflection,summary and critical reflection,instant and delayed reflection,explicit and implicit reflection.
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A general treatment of the phenomenon of frustrated total internal reflection is presented and numerical results are given which are related to cavity resonator design parameters. A minimum loss, minimum alignment requirement resonator is described offering a maximum of versatility. Experimental results of quasi-cw and single-pulse Q switching with a ruby optical maser are presented.
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We show that the wave front of a total internal reflected beam is perturbed by fluctuations in the region probed by the evanescent wave, and light is scattered both above and below the critical angle. While singly scattered light is related to the two-dimensional Fourier transform at the boundary, multiply scattered light originating from very turbid samples can appear only below the critical angle. We show that the very weak scattered light above the critical angle is due to a double tunnel effect, and it is solely due to single scattering at the surface. Applications are discussed.
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For studying the total reflection tunnel effect of 1-D solid-liquid cylindrical phononic crystal,the transition matrix method is adopted to calculate the transmissivity of the elastic wave when the incident angle is greater than the full reflection angle.The total reflection tunnel effect has been found in the transmission wave.The response curves of the frequency of the total reflection tunnel effect peak versus the mode quantum number have been obtained and the response curves of the total reflection tunnel effect peak versus the radius of the cylinder have been obtained and the response curves of the number of the total reflection tunnel effect peak versus the cycle number have also been obtained.The total reflection tunnel effect of the 1-D phononic cyrstal has been explained qualitatively and theoretically with the wave quantum theory and the evanescent wave theory.
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AbstractThe relationship between transmission and reflection densities is essential to the research and design of colour reproduction systems, but, historically, this relationship has been so difficult to determine in actual systems that researchers have been forced to turn to methods that sacrifice accuracy for practicality. In response, a method has been developed by which this relationship, in practical colour reproduction systems, can be obtained solely from reflection density values. In this method, differences in reflection density resulting from small additions of dye are measured, the increments in reflection density are numerically integrated and, from this, the relationship between transmission and reflection densities is obtained. When applied to actual systems, this method provides results that are virtually identical to directly measured values.Keywords: transmission densityreflection densitycolour reproduction
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Light's internal reflectivity near a critical angle is very sensitive to the angle of incidence and the optical properties of the external medium near the interface. Novel applications in biology and medicine of subcritical internal reflection are being pursued. In many practical situations the refractive index of the external medium may vary with respect to its bulk value due to different physical phenomena at surfaces. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand the effects of a refractive-index gradient at a surface for near-critical-angle reflection. In this work we investigate theoretically the reflectivity near the critical angle at an interface with glass assuming the external medium has a continuous depth-dependent refractive index. We present graphs of the internal reflectivity as a function of the angle of incidence, which exhibit the effects of a refractive-index gradient at the interface. We analyse the behaviour of the reflectivity curves before total internal reflection is achieved. Our results provide insight into how one can recognise the existence of a refractive-index gradient at the interface and shed light on the viability of characterising it.
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We observe and theoretically analyze the plasmonic analog of the critical angle phenomenon in optical transmission through subwavelength gratings milled in an optically thick metal film. The total transmission from a denser medium to a less dense one vanishes while the total reflection holds very strong, providing the incidence angle increases past the plasmonic critical angle (PCA). The conditions and physical origins of the total internal reflection above the PCA are clarified.
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