Determination of the relationship between transmission and reflection densities solely from measured values of reflection density—a useful method for the prediction of reproduced colour of reflection-type prints
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AbstractThe relationship between transmission and reflection densities is essential to the research and design of colour reproduction systems, but, historically, this relationship has been so difficult to determine in actual systems that researchers have been forced to turn to methods that sacrifice accuracy for practicality. In response, a method has been developed by which this relationship, in practical colour reproduction systems, can be obtained solely from reflection density values. In this method, differences in reflection density resulting from small additions of dye are measured, the increments in reflection density are numerically integrated and, from this, the relationship between transmission and reflection densities is obtained. When applied to actual systems, this method provides results that are virtually identical to directly measured values.Keywords: transmission densityreflection densitycolour reproductionKeywords:
Reflection
We try to summarize Luhmann's theory. We assert his theory is dependent on his concept of “reproduction”. But we think the concept of reproduction should be separated into two level-“reproduction I” and “reproduction II”. Luhmann's theory does not succeed on the “reproduction II” level. Therefore it should be investigated how social systems are reproduced (I) as if they are reproduced (II).
Social Reproduction
Systems theory
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The academic circle is often negative about artwork reproduction and its products, but in fact reproduction has always followed and influenced the development of art as an undercurrent. This paper identifies three periods of time: the period of promiscuous creation, the period of derogatory reproduction and the period of technological reproduction. It is further argued that contemporary artwork reproduction is the reproduction of creation or the creation of reproduction, breaking the paradox of fate between the two, gaining a new perception of reproduction and an independent quality of authenticity, and acquiring a new meaning of creativity with the value of vitality at the aesthetic, production, dissemination and acceptance levels.
Vitality
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The reproduction right is an important legal right of using a work.The key to the definition of the right of reproduction is the defining of the practice of reproducing.The reproduction in the copyright sense means the reappearance of the content of the work without altering the form of the original work.From the angle of the form of the reappeared work,the forms of reproduction fall into three categories: the reproduction that changes or does not change the carrier of the work with no alteration of the form of appearance of the original work;the reproduction that is created from when it is with no carrier to when it is with carrier or from when it is with no carrier to when it is with carrier but with no alteration of the form of appearance of the original work;and the reproduction that both changes the form of appearance as well as the carrier of the original work.
Social Reproduction
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Man's reproduction, especially male's reproduction, is decreased continuously. The investigation shows that the sperm number of normal male's sperma decreased nearly 50% in the past 40 years. Therefore, people explored the factors which influence male's reproduction from various sides. This paper mainly introduces the influence of some trace elements, such as Zn, Se, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, B and so on, on male reproduction. Some trace elements lacked or some harmful trace elements gathered could have side influence on male reproduction.
TRACE (psycholinguistics)
Adult male
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사진과 영화의 출현으로 인류는 오랫동안 꿈꾸었던 실재를 있는 그대로 모사하려는 욕망을 실현시켰다. 이후 디지털 혁명으로 인간의 상상을 재현할 수 있는 영화의 출현으로 인류는 아마도 오랫동안 꿈꾸었던 상상을 모사하려는 욕망을 실현시켰다고 할 수 있다. 아마도 인류는 오랫동안 실재를 모사하기보다 자신의 생각을 보여주려는 욕망이 컷을 수도 있다. 이 소논문에서는 기술복제 시대와 다른 디지털복제시대에 있어 영화가 어떻게 진화하고 있는지 알아보고 그 변화의 사회적 함의를 추론해본다.BR 기술복제시대에 탄생한 실제를 있는 그대로의 재현하는 사실주의 영화와 아리스토텔레스 시대극의 전통을 계속 이어가면서 인류의 상상계를 제시하는 디지털복제시대의 영화에 대해 살펴본 결과, 전자는 현실을 있는 그대로 드러내어 사회적 메시지를 전달하는 데 초점을 둔다면 후자는 허구의 스토리를 통한 개인적 유희, 오락, 치유에 초점을 두고 있다. 그러나 대중의 세분화된 취향에 따라 자유롭게 분리되고 융합되는 디지털 영화에 있어 전자와 후자의 구분은 점차 애매모호해지고 있다. 또한 영화는 사회적 기능과 개인적 기능 모두를 요구 받고 있다. 영화는 사실주의적이면서도 동시에 오락적일 수도 있고 강한 사회적 메시지를 드러내면서도 동시에 개인의 상처를 치유할 수 있다. 즉, 디지털로 융합된 영화는 두 가지 기능을 통합하고 현실과 이상, 실제와 상상을 균형적으로 사고하면서 세상이 둘이 아니라 하나임을 제시할 필요가 있다. 이는 신화가 추구했지만 오랫동안 잊고 있었던 전체성이다.
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Cultural Reproduction
Social Reproduction
Socialization
Settlement (finance)
Social production
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Social Reproduction
Human reproduction
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The idea of classical and modern scientists about the essence of economic cyclicality has been considered and significant differences in the understanding of both the content and components of enterprise resource reproduction cyclicity have been found. A theoretical justification has been provided as to the cyclical nature and composition of the intangible resources (IRE) reproduction stages of a company. A conclusion has been drawn that the economic cycle is an open circle or a Hegelian helix, which consists of the system development stages and provides for a return to the initial stage, but at a new level. The reproduction of resources is proposed to be understood as a process of continuous recovery of consumer qualities. The stage of reproduction of resources is defined as a phase, a part of the process of reproduction, which qualitatively differs from others. The reproduction of IRE has been proved to generally consist of two stages (phases): creation (updating) and wear of IRE. The stages of costs reproduction of IRE are proposed to be the phase of expenditures on the creation (updating) of IRE and the phase of costs recovery (depreciation of IRE). A conclusion has been drawn that only full compliance of the cycles of costs reproduction and reproduction of consumer qualities provides balance and continuity of reproduction of IRE. For the purpose of comparison of two characteristics of wear cyclicity, namely, time and volume, the indicators of wear speed and acceleration are used, which makes it possible to justify management decisions. The speed of wear characterizes the amount of loss of consumer qualities per time unit. The acceleration of wear describes how rapidly the amount of consumer qualities decreases in a certain period of time. Prospects for further research are the development of theoretical foundations of the IRE reproduction effectiveness as well as analysis of characteristics and features of the stages of the reproduction cycle of certain types of IRE.
Depreciation (economics)
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The average reproduction age、maximum reproduction age and minimum reproduction age of Larix chinensis were studied in this paper, the relationships between the reproduction age and the environment factors were also discussed. The result shows that the average reproduction age was 78.59 years, the minimum reproduction age was 26 years, and the maximum reproduction age was 208 years. In South Slope, the average reproduction age was 72.97 years, the minimum reproduction age was 26 years, and the maximum reproduction age was 153 years. In North Slope, the average reproduction age was 92 years, the minimum reproduction age was 29 years, and the maximum reproduction age was 208 years. The average reproduction age shows positive correlation to altitude and annual precipitation, the maximum reproduction age was positive correlation to slope and negative correlation to the minimum reproduction age, this shows that the earlier reproduction decrease the time of reproduction.
Plant reproduction
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