Antibiotic eluting sinus stents
Harrison M. ThompsonDong‐Jin LimCatherine BanksJessica W. GraysonSamrath AyinalaDo‐Yeon ChoBradford A. Woodworth
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Abstract Objectives Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial disease affecting up to 16% of the United States population and disproportionately affecting the cystic fibrosis (CF) patient population. Despite treating the underlying infection, the use of systemic antibiotics has shown little efficacy in alleviation of symptom burden. This review seeks to discuss recent research on novel antibiotic eluting stent therapy in vitro and within animal models as well as the factors that contribute to its efficacy. Data Sources PubMed literature review. Review Methods A review of all published literature related to antibiotic eluting sinus stents was conducted to integrate and summarize this innovative approach to chronic sinus infections. Results Placement of the ciprofloxacin sinus stent (CSS) and ciprofloxacin‐ivacaftor sinus stent (CISS) exhibited improvement in endoscopic and radiographic findings in rabbit CRS models. While the CSS showed an overall trend toward improvement in microscopic findings and a reduction in biofilm mass, there remained a significant quantity of planktonic bacteria due to antibiotic depletion from an initial burst release in the first 48 hours of stent placement. The CISS and ciprofloxacin‐azithromycin sinus stents (CASSs) exhibited controlled antibiotic release over the study period leading to greatly reduced planktonic bacterial load and biofilm mass. In vitro studies indicate that CASS may be just as efficacious at reducing biofilm mass. Conclusion Antibiotic eluting sinus stents show significant promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRS. The CISS may have particular promise for the CF patient population by addressing both the infectious and genetic components of disease. Animal studies demonstrate significant promise for translation into human studies. Human clinical trials are warranted to determine the efficacy of antibiotic sinus stents in human patients. Level of Evidence NAObjectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin injection compared with clarithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial infections. Methods: A total of 160 patients were included in this study, 60 cases of respiratory infections treated with azithromycin were compared with 60 cases treated with clarithromycin, 40 cases of other tissue infections were treated with azithromycin. Drugs were administered intravenously once daily (for azithromycin) or twice daily (for clarithromycin) for 5~7 days, at a daily dose of 0.5 g of azithromycin or 1.0 g of clarithromycin. Results: The overall clinical efficacious rates of azithromycin was 92.0%. There was no significant difference( P 0.05) between azithromycin and clarithromycin in the clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rates. The incidence of adverse drug reactions for azithromycin (15%)was lower than that for clarithromycin(45.0%, P 0.05 ). Conclusions: Azithromycin injection is an effective and safe antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infection.
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This paper presented the influence of Al(III) on biodegradability, micromorphology, composition and functional groups characteristics of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) during different growth phases. The sequencing batch biofilm reactors were developed to cultivate biofilms under different Al(III) dosages. The results elucidated that Al(III) affected biofilm development adversely at the beginning of biofilm growth, but promoted the biofilm mass and improved the biofilm activity with the growth of the biofilm. The micromorphological observation indicated that Al(III) led to a reduction of the filaments and promotion of the EPS secretion in growth phases of the biofilm, also Al(III) could promote microorganisms to form larger colonies for mature biofilm. Then, the analysis of EPS contents and components suggested that Al(III) could increase the protein (PN) of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) which alleviated the metal toxicity inhibition on the biofilm during the initial phases of biofilm growth. The biofilm could gradually adapt to the inhibition caused by Al(III) at the biofilm maturation moment. Finally, through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was found that Al(III) was beneficial for the proliferation and secretion of TB-EPS functional groups, especially the functional groups of protein and polysaccharides.
Extracellular polymeric substance
Bacterial growth
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Journal Article Use of Azithromycin for the Treatment of Campylobacter Enteritis in Travelers to Thailand, an Area Where Ciprofloxacin Resistance Is Prevalent Get access Robert A. Kuschner, Robert A. Kuschner From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Robert Kuschner, Department of Clinical Trials, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307-5100. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew F. Trofa, Andrew F. Trofa From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard J. Thomas, Richard J. Thomas From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles W. Hoge, Charles W. Hoge From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chittima Pitarangsi, Chittima Pitarangsi From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven Amato, Steven Amato From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raymond P. Olafson, Raymond P. Olafson From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Echeverria, Peter Echeverria From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jerald C. Sadoff, Jerald C. Sadoff From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David N. Taylor David N. Taylor From the Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; the Surgeon's Office, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan; the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; and the Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 21, Issue 3, September 1995, Pages 536–541, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.3.536 Published: 01 September 1995 Article history Received: 04 January 1995 Revision received: 21 March 1995 Published: 01 September 1995
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Regimen
Oral dose
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This paper mainly studies the therapeutic effect of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome is one of the key clinical manifestations of COVID-19, and azithromycin is considered to be a feasible treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate how to use azithromycin to treat COVID-19 better. This article describes the therapeutic effect of azithromycin alone on COVID-19, and the effect of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine when used in combination with COVID-19. Several studies have shown that although azithromycin has antiviral activity, azithromycin alone has no significant effect on the treatment of COVID-19. In contrast, multiple data show that the combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine has some efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19, and the efficacy is related to the number of days the patient has been ill. The discovery impacts the treatment by providing a different perspective on the world’s treatment of COVID-19.
Hydroxychloroquine
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OBJECTIVE: To study the general regularity and clinical characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) caused by azithromycin, and to provide reference for rational use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS: A case reported a child of 10 years old suffered from cholecystolithiasis due to azithromycin therapy. Retrieved from Wanfang database, publicly issued literatures about azithromycin-induced ADR reported in domestic pharmaceutical journals from 2001 to 2010 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Azithromycin-inducing ADR mainly was anaphylactic shock, followed by the damage of dermal system and digestive system. Azithromycin-inducing ADR often occurred in children under 10 years of age. CONCLUSION: We should pay more attention to azithromycin-inducing ADR, select the appropriate route of administration and ensure the safety of drug use.
Anaphylactic shock
Adverse drug reaction
Drug reaction
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The Impact of Biofilm Formation Detrimental Biofilms Beneficial Biofilms Processes Governing the Formation and Persistence of Biofilms Initial Events Biofilm Cell Metabolic Processes Biofilm Removal Processes Net Accumulation of Biofilm Recent Advances in Biofilm Research Advances in Biofilm Experimental Techniques Transport Phenomena in Biofilms Molecular Processes in Biofilm Communities Novel Biofilm Removal Strategies Bibliography
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Homoserine
Extracellular polymeric substance
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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