Azathioprine-Induced Tremor: A Rare, Dose-Dependent Side Effect of Azathioprine in a Patient With Active Crohn Disease
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Crohn's disease is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the digestive tract with heterogeneous clinical presentations. Crohn's is currently not a curable disease, and patients are faced with a lifetime of recurrent disease flare-ups and remissions. Management strategies for Crohn's must therefore be targeted toward lifelong management, taking into consideration not only the short-term but also the long-term aspects of the disease. With this in mind, here we review the classifications and natural history of Crohn's disease and discuss possible predictive factors for the disease evolution in a patient. Here we also evaluate the current preferable treatment practices, based on scientifically valid research and collective clinical experience, for the management of mild to moderate Crohn's disease.
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The notion that Crohn's Disease (CD) occurs as a result of an aberrant reaction to the commensal microbiota in genetically susceptible hosts is widely regarded by physicians and scientists as fact. Yet although it is undisputed that Crohn's Disease is immune-mediated, an aberrant reaction to one's own native flora is far from proven. The aim of the current review is to present a summary of the known infectious causes of Crohn's Disease, whilst highlighting the limitations of using outdated methods to attempt to classify the disease as a single entity. We propose a re-classification of Crohn's Disease, and suggest that the disease is best conceptualized as a syndrome, an "umbrella-like" term comprising a group of diseases with varying infective etiologies, which clinically, endoscopically and histologically are indistinguishable from CD.
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Immune reaction
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Diet management is very important for patients with Crohn's disease, a chronic enteritis disease. A diet containing foods that are likely to cause enteritis can cause various complications, including inflammation, even if well managed with immunosuppressants.Crohn's disease requires a safe diet for immunomodulation and intestinal inflammation, but it is common for people to experience cycles of active disease and then remission, and various immunosuppressants taken by Crohn's disease patients are used to increase the remission period (Watson, 2021). However, in the case of pregnant women, the pregnancy itself can result in creating dietary restrictions, but if the woman has Crohn's disease, the dietary restrictions are bound to be more involved. The restricted diet is very likely to result in issues in fetal health, and Crohn's disease itself is at risk of reactivation. The inflammatory response of Crohn's disease in the active period during pregnancy can result in fatal problems in fetal health and development, and in more than half of the cases, it has been recorded as the reason for fetal death (Vargo, 2020). Therefore, this study aims to educate patients about the possible complications from Crohn's disease during pregnancy, focusing on diet nutrition management.
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Two-thirds to three-quarters of Crohn's disease patients require intestinal surgery for medically refractory disease or complications. Surgery is not a cure and most patients develop recurrent Crohn's disease and require additional intestinal resections. There are a number of medications that have been investigated for preventing and treating recurrence. Risk factors for postoperative disease recurrence help guide the physician in determining the appropriate treatment strategy after Crohn's disease surgery. The approach to Crohn's disease treatment has evolved over the years. No longer should surgery be considered a failure of treatment, rather an important intervention to correct irreversible disease. In combination with a better understanding of postoperative medication strategies, patients with Crohn's disease may achieve longer term remission than previously realized. This review elucidates current understanding of the natural course of postoperative Crohn's disease, monitoring for recurrence, the risk factors for recurrence, and provides insight into an evolving new paradigm for postoperative Crohn's disease treatment.
Refractory (planetary science)
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The enigmatic nature of Crohn's disease periodically elicits plaintive cries for new concepts.1 Students of inflammatory bowel disease, struggling with this group of disorders of unknown causes, clutch at methods that appear to have worked for others. Witness, for example, the current explosion of research directed at possible immunologic mechanisms. Some recent evidence suggests, however, that hope for understanding Crohn's disease may reside in the renewed pursuit of an old concept: that Crohn's disease is in fact an infectious disease.Historically, the concept of Crohn's disease — before it was Crohn's disease — was that the ileal inflammation, granulomatosis, fistulization, . . .
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Crohn's disease is a autoimmune,chronic and inflammatory bowel disease.In the past decade, the incidence of CD grew fast around the world including China. The precise etiology and the pathogenic mechanisms of CD remains obscure, however, it is considered to be induced by the environment factors and heritable factors together. Smoking is not only a risk factor for Crohn's disease, but ongoing smoking is associated with a poor disease course. Patients who smoke are likely to develop the complex complications, increase the dose and frequency of immune inhabitation , and have higher risk of postoperative recurrence. Smoking cessation is associated with a much reduction in the risk of relapse as compared with continued smokers, unequivocally improves the course of Crohn's disease. The article aims to offer the past two decades reviews of the effects of smoking on Crohn's disease, to make more people know the relationship between them, and to encourage the patients to try to quit smoking, improve the disease course.
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Diet management is very important for patients with Crohn's disease, a chronic enteritis disease. A diet containing foods that are likely to cause enteritis can cause various complications, including inflammation, even if well managed with immunosuppressants.Crohn's disease requires a safe diet for immunomodulation and intestinal inflammation, but it is common for people to experience cycles of active disease and then remission, and various immunosuppressants taken by Crohn's disease patients are used to increase the remission period (Watson, 2021). However, in the case of pregnant women, the pregnancy itself can result in creating dietary restrictions, but if the woman has Crohn's disease, the dietary restrictions are bound to be more involved. The restricted diet is very likely to result in issues in fetal health, and Crohn's disease itself is at risk of reactivation. The inflammatory response of Crohn's disease in the active period during pregnancy can result in fatal problems in fetal health and development, and in more than half of the cases, it has been recorded as the reason for fetal death (Vargo, 2020). Therefore, this study aims to educate patients about the possible complications from Crohn's disease during pregnancy, focusing on diet nutrition management.
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