[Application of Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for Amber Identification and Research].
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Infrared spectral analysis is a commonly used means to research the characteristics of mineral material. Attenuated total internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR -FTIR) is widely used dues to its advantages such as rapidness, non-destructiveness and micro region detection. This paper focuses on different areas of amber, copal resin, coated amber to further study its ATR-FTIR through the BRUKER LUMOS independent type infrared microscope. The result shows: the two infrared absorption spectrum which are 1 643 cm-1 due to stretching vibration of ν(CC) and 889 cm-1 due to deformation vibration of δ(arene C—H)are present in the amber originated in Dominica and Russia; the infrared absorption spectrum band lies at 1 300～925 cm-1 due to stretching vibration of ν(C—O) has a certain instruction significance for the origin of amber; the three absorption spectrum of 3 080 cm-1 which is due to dis-symmetry stretching vibration of νas(CH2), 1 643 and 887 cm-1 can be used as characteristic of copal resin and have identification significance; coated amber displays amber and artificial resin mixing infrared spectrum, which besides the characteristic infrared spectrum of amber, 760 and 702 cm-1 infrared spectrum are caused by out-plane bending vibration of γ(arene C—H) of resin. ATR-FTIR has important significance in the identification of cause, origin and enhancement varieties of amber.Keywords:
Attenuated total reflection
Absorption band
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Theoretical Analyses of the Amide I Infrared Bands of Globular Proteins (H. Torii & M. Tasumi). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Enzyme Systems (J. Alben). Light--Induced Fourier Transform Infrared Difference Spectroscopy of the Primary Electron Donor in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers (E. Nabedryk). Equipment: Slow and Fast Infrared Kinetic Studies (F. Siebert). Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomolecules (B. Cohen & R. Hochstrasser). Infrared Spectroscopy of Nucleic Acids (J. Liquier & E. Taillandier). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Hydrated Lipids and Lipid Bilayer Membranes (R. Lewis & R. McElhaney). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Cell Surface Polysaccharides (K. Brandenburg & U. Seydel). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomembrane Systems (P. Haris & D. Chapman). What Can Infrared Spectroscopy Tell Us About the Structure and Composition of Intact Bacterial Cells? (D. Naumann, et al.). Biomedical Infrared Spectroscopy (M. Jackson & H. Mantsch). New Trends in Isotope--Edited Infrared Spectroscopy (H. Fabian, et al.). Index.
Fourier transform spectroscopy
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Infrared (IR) spectroscopy involves the measurement of diverse frequencies of infrared radiations through certain matrices like foods or other solids, liquids, and gases which are placed in the path of an infrared beam. IR spectroscopy mainly helps to find out the type of the functional group(s) which make up the sample. The frequency of the absorbed infrared radiation is unique or characteristic of every functional group. In this chapter, the basic principle, working, and components of IR spectroscopy have been covered. Design and efficiencies of the dispersive and Fourier transform instruments have been compared. Sample preparation and handling technique for use in FTIR spectrophotometer have been covered. A step-by-step procedure to interpret FTIR spectra has been provided. Both qualitative and quantitative applications have been discussed. Various types of ATR crystals materials have been compared. The basic principle and design of attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy has been discussed. Application of chemometrics on the FTIR spectral data for determining the quality of milk and milk products has been touched upon.
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Results of in situ Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy during electrochemical oxidation processes (electrochemically induced doping) as well as by photoinduced infrared absorption spectroscopy (photoinduced doping) of polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV) are presented. Infrared active vibrational bands in the lower energy part of the infrared spectrum and infrared absorption due to electronic transitions at higher energies are observed and compared. The electrochemical doping of PPV occurs in two potential regions. In the `low doping' region, the difference spectra obtained by in situ FTIR-ATR spectroscopy are similar to spectra obtained by chemical doping. In the `high doping' region, the spectral behavior is different to the `low damping' region and shows a higher similarity to the photoinduced absorption spectrum.
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We report infrared absorption spectra of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC) deposits prepared in the presence of deuterium. Spectra of D:HAC and DAC are characterized by the appearance of additional features near 2175 cm-1 (4.6 μm) corresponding to stretching vibrations of CDn groups. These are accompanied by a weakening of absorption in the CHn absorption bands throughout the infrared. Laboratory data suggest that it may be possible to detect deuterium fractionations XD/H ≥ 7.4 × 10-3 in carbonaceous dust along the line of sight to Galactic center sources via absorption within the CDn stretching band near 4.6 μm.
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Amorphous carbon
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An experimental method was present for determining the origins of infrared absorption spectra of chain silicate minerals. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the acidolysis products of 1Tr-type wollastonite were measured with Nicolet Nexus FTIR spectroscopy. The results show that the origins of all the absorption bands of FTIR spectrum of wollastonite can be definitely assigned on the base of the evolvement features of the FTIR spectra of the products as the acidolysis time increased from 0 to 60 min. The ori- gins of FTIR spectrum of 1Tr-type wollastonite are as follows: the absorption band at 1 085 cm-1 represents the asymmetrical stretch- ing vibrations of OT—Si—OT (OT represents the bridge oxygen) group; the absorption bands at 1 060 cm-1 and 1 018 cm-1 represent the asymmetrical stretching vibrations of Si—OT—Si group; the absorption band at 967cm-1 represents the symmetrical stretching vibrations of OB—Si—OB (OB represents the non-bridge oxygen) group; the absorption bands at 927 cm-1 and 902 cm-1 represent the asymmetrical stretching vibrations of OT—Si—OB group; the absorption bands at 681 and 645 cm-1 represent the symmetrical stretching vibrations of Si—OB—Si group; the absorption bands at 567 cm-1 and 509 cm-1 represent the bending vibrations of Si—OB group; the absorption band at 472 cm-1 represents the bending vibrations of Si—OT group, and the absorption band at 453cm-1 repre- sents the stretching vibrations of M—OT (M represents Ca) group. In addition, the FTIR absorption bands at about 799 and 1 160—1 250 cm-1 from the products provide an evidence that the degree of order of amorphous silica formed by the acidolysis of wollastonite is gradually improved as the time increased from 0 to 60 min.
Absorption band
Wollastonite
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Infrared spectral analysis is a commonly used means to research the characteristics of mineral material. Attenuated total internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR -FTIR) is widely used dues to its advantages such as rapidness, non-destructiveness and micro region detection. This paper focuses on different areas of amber, copal resin, coated amber to further study its ATR-FTIR through the BRUKER LUMOS independent type infrared microscope. The result shows: the two infrared absorption spectrum which are 1 643 cm-1 due to stretching vibration of ν(CC) and 889 cm-1 due to deformation vibration of δ(arene C—H)are present in the amber originated in Dominica and Russia; the infrared absorption spectrum band lies at 1 300～925 cm-1 due to stretching vibration of ν(C—O) has a certain instruction significance for the origin of amber; the three absorption spectrum of 3 080 cm-1 which is due to dis-symmetry stretching vibration of νas(CH2), 1 643 and 887 cm-1 can be used as characteristic of copal resin and have identification significance; coated amber displays amber and artificial resin mixing infrared spectrum, which besides the characteristic infrared spectrum of amber, 760 and 702 cm-1 infrared spectrum are caused by out-plane bending vibration of γ(arene C—H) of resin. ATR-FTIR has important significance in the identification of cause, origin and enhancement varieties of amber.
Attenuated total reflection
Absorption band
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We have studied the temperature dependence (14–57 °C) of the OH-stretching vibration band in liquid water by the use of a microscope Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) instrument with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) cell. In order to eliminate spectral distortions, we performed Kramers–Kronig transform of the ATR spectra and derived absorption- and refractive-index spectra. The numerical values are shown in detail. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares 1 (PLS 1) modeling methods to the absorption-index spectra shows that the OH band consists of two abstract spectral components. The intensity of the first component changes linearly with temperature, whereas the second component changes nonlinearly, with a turning temperature around 30 °C. Each abstract spectrum has a pair of peaks, the intensities of which vary in an inverse manner with respect to each other for the temperature change.
Kramers–Kronig relations
Intensity
Absorption band
Attenuated total reflection
Reflection
Fourier transform spectroscopy
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Measurements and calculations of the impurity induced far-infrared absorption due to H − ions in the sodium and potassium halides are presented. The defect model which was previously determined from theoretical fits to experimental local mode and anharmonic side band data is used to predict the absorption spectrum in the far-infrared region below the reststrahlen frequency. The agreement with the observed absorption spectra is good. It is shown that certain features may be interpreted as Van Hove singularities in the unperturbed density of states of the host crystals and that other peaks in the KBr and KI spectra are due to localized resonances.
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Attenuated total reflection
Fourier transform spectroscopy
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P.C. Gillette, J.B. Lando, and J.L. Koenig, A Survey of Infrared Spectral Data Processing Techniques. P.L. Polavarapu, Fourier Transform Infrared Vibrational Circular Dichroism. K. Krishnan, Advances in Capillary Gas Chromatography*b1Fourier Transform Interferometry. A.G. Nerheim, Applications of Spectral Techniques to Thermal Analysis. P. Painter, M. Starsinic, and M. Coleman, Determination of Functional Groups in Coal by Fourier Transform Interferometry. J.R. Ferraro and A.J. Rein, Applications of Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy in the Far-Infrared Region. J.D. Swalen and J.F. Rabolt, Characterization of Orientation and Lateral Order in Thin Films by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. W.G. Golden, Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection*b1Absorption Spectroscopy. J.A. Graham, W.M. Grim III, and W.G. Fateley, Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Condensed-Phase Samples. Each chapter includes references. Index.
Fourier transform spectroscopy
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Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
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