Dike-Break Induced Flood Simulation and Consequences Assessment in Flood Detention Basin
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Dike
Detention basin
Flood control
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2011 Thailand flood has resulted in serious impact to downstream of Chao Phraya River. Study on midstream of Chao Phraya River Basin has rarely been conducted. This research focuses on midstream of Chao Phraya RiverBasin, which includes confluence of Nan River and Yom River, also confluence of Ping River and Nan River. Flood condition at midstream is simulated using coupling of 1D and 2D hydrodynamic model, MIKE FLOOD to understand the flood generation. The model is calibrated and validated using flood marks measured at study area and streamflow data received from Royal Irrigation Department (RID). Furthermore, scenarios of flood control at 3 rivers are simulated and Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to calculate the flood distribution area and flood volume. Subsequently, 2 kinds of suitable flood control measurements are proposed. Results shows flood control at midstream helps reduce the risk of reflooding or flood return from small streams and flood plain into starting of Chao Phraya River. However, flood volume before confluence of Ping River and Nan River, which is Bung Boraphet area will be increased. Therefore, the land use planning and regulation at area nearby Bung Boraphet need to be considered.
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Due to limited river flood discharge capacity of river channel,building a flood control reservoir is one of major structural measures to mitigate flood disasters.However,building a traditional flood control reservoir in a small mountainous basin often involves many limiting factors of reservoir site,dam site,cost,resettlement,ecology,etc..In the light of the characteristics of sharp flood rise and down,high flood peak and small flood volume,we propose to construct flood detention reservoir which does not store water in usual period,but detent flood in the period of torrential flood.On the basis of analysis on the maximum safe discharge capacity of downstream river channel and the operation characteristics of a flood detention reservoir,we put forward the requirements of reservoir site and type selection,the determination method of the major dam size of flood detention reservoir.The flood detention reservoir has obvious functions in flood peak discharge reduction and will play an important role in mountain torrents disaster prevention in small mountainous basins.
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In recent years, the phenomena of small flood discharge, high water appear frequently in the middle reach of the Yangtze River. The variation of flood regulation capacity of the Dongting Lake is widely concerned. The present study uses the recorded flood information to investigate the characteristics of the change of the flood regulation capacity of the Dongting Lake. By analyzing conflux and flood regulation characteristics of the Dongting Lake in different times over the year, it is found that the flood regulation capacity in high water level period is most important to flood control. The critical flood inflow is defined , which is the minimum of flood inflows whose corresponding flood regulation capacities are all above zero. The flood regulation processes in middle and high water level period may then be separated generally. In the present paper, the relationship between flood regulation and its corresponding flood inflows in different years is analyzed and the one-day information is shown in Fig. 4. The investigation shows that the water inflow at which the Dongting Lake begins to play its flood regulation function has in average decreased by 4 300 m3/s from the 1950's to 1980's. In a year, one-day flood regulation capacity increases with flood inflow and the increasing rate of the flood regulation capacity is more rapidly than that of the flood inflow. With time lapsing, the increasing rate of one-day flood regulation capacity increases rapidly with the flood inflow of the Dongting Lake years by years. Compare the increment of the flood regulation capacity between 1980's and 1950's,if the flood inflow increases 1 × 108 m3 then 1980's will be more than 1950's by 0. 67× 108m3. This is equavalent to 1. 6 cm increase of the water level elevation. The factors responsible for the variation of the flood regulation capacity is also discussed. The serious sediment deposition in the down main reach and the flood area decreasing of the Dongting Lake are the two main reasons for flood level elevation in the area of the Dongting Lake. The variation of the water area of the Dongting Lake is given in Table 2. The ratio of the water level elevation between 1950's and 1980's due to the deposition in down stream main reach and the decrement of the flood area is 4 to 1. Although the flood regulation capacity is increased, it is the result of the continuous sediment deposition in down main reach, and it is at the cost of elevating flood level, worsening the flood control situation in the area of Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake. The most likely efficient ways to handle these problems are to manage and reduce the deposition in down reach and enlarge flood area of the Dongting Lake.
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Based on the analysis of regional flood in the seasonal changes,from the meteorological causes of formation,the Air-defense Office and Historical data,the paper comprehensively analyzed Tie Gang Reservoir storm and flood control basin and the distribution of flood time,researched the flood time domain,used the measured heavy rain flood information calculation method to fit P-Ⅲand point-conversion factor to calculate rainfall,used the Guangdong Provincial integrated units and formula to design flood process,ensuring the safety of the dam and premising of downstream flood control,and studied the flood calculation of reservoir.The result is that the water level may not exceed the original design value in the three phases of design,especially the previous flood season and the after flood season. Therefore,Tie Gang reservoir can use dynamic operation in the flood season,raise the water level of flood control restrictions in stages to increase water storage capacity and obtain the largest comprehensive efficiency.
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Inflow
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The existence of flood diversion area could parting flood which overfufilled the quota temporarily and reduce the flood water lever in the lower river reach effectively,thus decreasing the pressure of the lower river reach.While the operational methods of flood diversion area would cause varying degrees impact on flood-control result.This paper builds a mathematical model on flood evolution of typical reach in the lower Yellow River which is based on MIKE21software.By comparing development process of the flood,flood water level in the lower river reach changes of peak discharge and the flood volume entered into flood diversion area under different situations.Study on the flood-control impact under different operational methods and entrance position of flood divertion area in the lower river reach.The results show that use the flood diversion rationally according to the flood process of upstream is benefical to decrease the pressure of the lower Yellow River.And the entrance position of flood divertion area also has obvious influence on reach flood-control.
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As the key flood control project of the Qinhe River and an important part of the Yellow River flood control system,it is critical for the size of the reservoir and dam security to analyze and determine the design flood.The paper analyzed the natural design flood and the design flood combined with Zhangfeng on the Hekoucun Reservoir dam.The results of calculation show that when the flood composition of Wulongkou and Zhangfeng has the same frequency and Zhang-Wu reach is correspondence,the function of Zhangfeng Reservoir is increasing to the volume of design flood at dam site of Hekoucun Reservoir under the conditions of 2000-year flood and 500-year flood according to the operation order of flood detention first and then discharging by Zhangfeng Reservoir.The reduction of flood volume in 3 days of the inflow of Hekoucun Reservoir combined with the operation of Zhangfeng Reservoir under the conditions of 100-year flood and 50-year flood is 4% and 1% respectively.As for the composition of Wulongkou and Zhang-Wu reach having the same frequency and Zhangfeng correspondence,the Zhangfeng Reservoir has a certain reduction function on design flood peak of the dam site of Hekoucun Reservoir and there is no influence to the 3-day and 5-day flood volumes.
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Jialin river is a main upstream tributary of Yangtze.The recommended Tingzikou hydroproject,located in its middle reach of main stem,controls the valley area of 62 550 km 2 with total reservoir capacity of 4.2 billion m 3.The project will control the flood from the middle and upper stream of Jialin river and help TGP control the flood in middle and lower Yangtze.In the design of flood control,considering the function and task of Tingzikou reservoir,the preserved flood control capacity and flood control operation mode have been determined.In the light of normal flood control capacity,5 flood control schemes have been compared and the best one selected.In the meanwhile,0.377 billion flood control capacity will be used as extraordinary flood control capacity under the urgent flood control condition in middle and lower Yangtze.Flood control operation modes of Tingzikou reservoir mainly consists of the ones to control the flood of the middle and lower stream of Jialin river,and to mitigate the flood in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river as well as the general flood control operation principles.
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