Flood-control impact of flood diversion area operational methods in lower Yellow River
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The existence of flood diversion area could parting flood which overfufilled the quota temporarily and reduce the flood water lever in the lower river reach effectively,thus decreasing the pressure of the lower river reach.While the operational methods of flood diversion area would cause varying degrees impact on flood-control result.This paper builds a mathematical model on flood evolution of typical reach in the lower Yellow River which is based on MIKE21software.By comparing development process of the flood,flood water level in the lower river reach changes of peak discharge and the flood volume entered into flood diversion area under different situations.Study on the flood-control impact under different operational methods and entrance position of flood divertion area in the lower river reach.The results show that use the flood diversion rationally according to the flood process of upstream is benefical to decrease the pressure of the lower Yellow River.And the entrance position of flood divertion area also has obvious influence on reach flood-control.Keywords:
Flood control
Flood stage
Flood forecasting
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According to the comprehensive planning of flood control projects in the mid-lower Ganjiang River,considering the combination of flood control storage capacity of Xiajiang Reservoir and flood storage capacity of Quangang flood diversion-detention area,we draw up two flood regulation schemes: the reservoir and flood diversion-detention area jointly operate for flood control;the reservoir controls the flood coming from the upper stream of Xiajiang hydropower project,while the flood diversion-detention area is only used for the diverting and storing the flood yielded in the downstream area of the dam.Through flood routing for 8-year-types' design flood,the flood control and diversion-detention storage capacities of the two schemes are obtained.Scheme 1 is selected through comprehensive comparison,which can fully use the existed structure measures,reduces the inundation area without additional investment,and meet the requirement of downstream flood control.
Flood control
Detention basin
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In order to study the influence of the navigation improvement project in the Qingyi River, on flood control of the complex river network, the water level variation of the key control stations in Shuiyang, Qingyi and Zhanghe river basins, flood diversion variation of middle reach of Shuiyang stem and flow pattern in the flow field before and after construction of the project using Mike11 model, under the conditions of designed flood and excessive standard flood. The results show that after construction of the project,the water levels at the control stations are decreasing or constant and the flood diversion of middle reach of Shuiyang stem decreases. So the project is beneficial to the flood control of the basins.
Flood control
Water diversion
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The climatic anomaly, which comes with extreme rainfall, will increase the flood hazard in an area within a short period of time. The river capacity in discharging the flood is not continuous along the river stretch and sensitive to the flood peak. This paper contains the alternatives on how to locate the flood retention pond that are physically feasible to reduce the flood peak. The flood ponds were designed based on flood curve number criteria (TR-55, USDA) with the aim of rapid flood peak capturing and gradual flood retuning back to the river. As a case study, the hydrologic condition of upper Ciliwung river basin with several presumed flood pond locations was conceptually designed. A fundamental tank model that reproducing the operation of interconnected ponds was elaborated to achieve the designed flood discharge that will flows to the downstream area. The flood hazard distribution status, as the model performance criteria, will be computed within Ciliwung river reach in Manggarai Sluice Gate spot. The predicted hazard reduction with the operation of the interconnected retention area result had been bench marked with the normal flow condition.
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Flood disaster is still a threat in the lower Yellow River due to unusual precipitation caused by the deposit of channel,the hidden danger in the embankment and unfavorable riverbed in the lower Yellow River.Study on the embankment-break flood characteristics of the lower Yellow River can afford the scientific basis for flood disaster mitigation.According to the characteristics of the embankment-break flood in the Yellow River,flood routing characteristics of embankment-break is simulated at four different locations of the lower Yellow River by inputting terrain data,typical historical flood data and land use data of the study area to two-dimensional unsteady-state flow model.Simulated results show that: Firstly,routing flood encroach the rivers on the way and enter into the rivers after reaching the lower reaches;secondly,in the same river reach,flood submerged area of north band is bigger than the corresponding location of south bank towards the same historical flood;thirdly,it is different in flood submerged degree of different regions due to the different spatial locations of floodplain;and fourthly,the area of mainstream where flood depth is high and flood velocity is quick is relatively small,but the area of non-mainstream where flood depth is low and flood velocity is slow is relatively big. Flood disaster risk in the protected zone of the embankment will be analyzed by using the results of the simulated flood in this paper,on the basis of the simulated results,the spatial pattern of the flood disaster risk in the protected zone will be analyzed in the lower Yellow River in the future.The attempt on the simulated methods and technique of the flood routing can serve as a reference to the researches in other similar regions. In this study,some factors such as the sediment,infiltration and evaporation weren't considered,which is a limitation to research the hydraulic characteristic of the levee-breaking flood in the Yellow River.In the succeeding simulation,the sediment should be considered to research the long-term influence on the local environment of preventing flood due to the deposit of the sediment in the riverway.At the same time the surface features should the whole way be close to the reality.
Flood stage
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There are some reservoirs with the task of flood control near by the entrance of the sea,the flood diversion capacity of downstream reach may be uncertain,which varies with the following factors,such as bed roughness,tide,sea-wind and so on. However,the flood control forecast operation rules are established by taking it into account as an invariant. While the flood diversion capacity of downstream reach becomes flowing,we will bear great economic loss because of releasing floodwater ahead of schedule. Aimed at those situations,with the background of Biliuhe reservoir,a new flood control forecast operation model is developed based on the classification of flood diversion capacity of downstream reach. To further attest its feasibility,the new model is developed. The results show that the model is useful and rational.
Flood control
Flood forecasting
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Due to limited river flood discharge capacity of river channel,building a flood control reservoir is one of major structural measures to mitigate flood disasters.However,building a traditional flood control reservoir in a small mountainous basin often involves many limiting factors of reservoir site,dam site,cost,resettlement,ecology,etc..In the light of the characteristics of sharp flood rise and down,high flood peak and small flood volume,we propose to construct flood detention reservoir which does not store water in usual period,but detent flood in the period of torrential flood.On the basis of analysis on the maximum safe discharge capacity of downstream river channel and the operation characteristics of a flood detention reservoir,we put forward the requirements of reservoir site and type selection,the determination method of the major dam size of flood detention reservoir.The flood detention reservoir has obvious functions in flood peak discharge reduction and will play an important role in mountain torrents disaster prevention in small mountainous basins.
Flood control
Detention basin
Flood stage
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The utilization of flood is the new development of flood management and the calculation of flood diversion is an important content. The paper studies out the time of flood diversion based on the process, characteristics of flood with different frequency in cross of flood diversion project in Longhuatu in Taoerhe river and obtains the quantity of flood diversion with different frequency through the calculation of design flood considering the loss rate along the flow.
Flood stage
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The No.19580710 flood of the Kuyehe was a flood with rarely high sediment load.The aims of analysis on its characteristics was to enhance the relevant knowledge which had the reference function for flood measurement and prediction,using the basic hydrological principles,this flood was deeply analyzed.It's characteristics was high sediment load,abnormal surface slop change,slow pace of flood routing,and the specific phenomena of Standing River in the sediment-hyperconcentration flow.
Flood forecasting
Flow routing
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Flood Management by Real Time Flood Forecasting and Gate Operation of Ta Tapao River Basin, Thailand
The Ta Tapao River Basin, Thailand encounters frequent flooding in the lower part of the river basin. The causes of flood inundation are due to heavy rainfall, limited basin drainage and lack of storage dam. The MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model was applied, calibrated and verified with measured flood flow data in 2005 and 2006. The results show flood inundation map in good agreement with observed condition. Telemetering system was recently installed for real-time monitoring and transmission of rainfall and water level data and flow regulation in Ta Tapao River. The flow regulation delays flood flow into Chumporn City and allows storing flood water in the river basin for use after flood periods. A new contribution in flood water management is done in this study by incorporating optimal operation of flood flow regulators determined by Genetic Algorithm (GA) model with minimum flood damages in river flood flow computation using MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model. By inputting rainfall forecast determined by unit hyetograph method into MIKE 11, flood flow in the river is forecasted for every 3 hours at stations: Wang Krok, Sam Kaew Regulator and Municipal Bridge 2-Chumporn City. The results of flood forecast based GA gate operation show lagging flood levels for rising and falling limbs at Municipal Bridge 2-Chumporn City due to flood storage retention by gate regulations. Public hearing reveals that local villagers in the nearby areas of the telemetering stations wish to cooperate in taking care and maintaining the system to cope with future floods.
Flood forecasting
Flood stage
Flood control
Flood warning
HEC-HMS
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