Reducing geogenic arsenic leaching from excavated sedimentary soil using zero-valent iron amendment followed by dry magnetic separation: A case study
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Zerovalent iron
Soil and sediment contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a global health and environmental concern, since PCBs are toxic and recalcitrant. The aim of this thesis is to find a remediation process to PCBs contaminated sediments by using zerovalent iron (ZVI). To begin the studies on remediation, a survey was conducted on sites contaminated by e-waste recycling activities in south China. PCBs contamination was not as severe as previously, whereas the co-existence of PCBs and heavy metals increases the difficulty of remediation. Afterwards, the feasibility PCBs degradation by ZVI in aqueous solutions was investigated. Results confirmed the stepwise dechlorination of PCBs by ZVI and the major pathway with congener specifity and regiospecifity. The relative importance of the influential factors to ZVI degradation of PCBs was in the order of surfactants > humic acid > pH > Ni2+. Sediment decontamination was studied by 1) washing with an aqueous solution of surfactant followed by ZVI dechlorination of PCBs and 2) direct mixing with ZVI and surfactant solution. The second approach gave promising results for remediation
Zerovalent iron
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Human decontamination
Reductive Dechlorination
Congener
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In recent years,the role and contribution of nanoscale zero-valent iron in eco-environmental protection and pollution control is growing due to its large surface areas and high surface reactivity;in the meantime,more and more attention has been paid to nanoscale zerovalent iron as a new technology that could provide cost-effective solution for remediation and treatment of contaminated soils and water.There have been many articles about remediation of contaminated water and groundwater using nanoscale zero-valent iron,but few work was focused on application of nanoscale zero-valent iron to contaminated soil remediation.In this review,the recent development in both laboratory and pilot studies on nanoscale zero-valent iron and its application to environmental remediation was assessed.We summarized methods to enhance iron nanoparticle reactivity,stability and subsurface mobility,such as polymer-coating iron nanoparticles,carbon-supported iron nanoparticles and CMC-stabilized iron nanoparticles,in particular,transformation and detoxification of a wide variety of common environmental contaminants,including heavy metals,inorganic salts and organic pollutants.In the next,we focused on application of nanoscale zerovalent iron and its modified materials to contaminated soil remediation,and discussed the factors affecting the remediation efficiency.The transport and mobility of these nanoparticles in the environment as well as their potential ecotoxicological effects were also briefly discussed.What more,their future application directions were forecasted for the reference of future research on nanoscale zero-valent iron.
Zerovalent iron
Groundwater Remediation
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Zerovalent iron
Hexavalent Chromium
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Zerovalent iron
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Zerovalent iron
Bimetallic strip
Chlorinated solvents
Contaminated groundwater
Reactivity
Groundwater Remediation
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Abstract The sites contaminated with recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are serious environmental problems ubiquitously. Some PAHs have proven to be carcinogenic and hazardous. Therefore, the innovative PAH in situ remediation technologies have to be developed instantaneously. Recently, the nanoscale zero-va-lent iron (ZVI) particles have been successfully applied for dechlorination of organic pollutants in water, yet little research has investigated for the soil remediation so far. The objective in this work was to take advantage of nanoscale ZVI particles to remove PAHs in soil. The experimental factors such as reaction time, particle diameter and iron dosage and surface area were considered and optimized. From the results, both microscale and nanoscale ZVI were capable to remove the target compound. The higher removal efficiencies of nanoscale ZVI particles were obtained because the specific surface areas were about several dozens larger than that of commercially microscale ZVI particles. The optimal parameters were observed as 0.2 g iron/2 mL water in 60 min and 150 rpm by nanoscale ZVI. Additionally, the results proved that nanoscale ZVI particles are a promising technology for soil remediation and are encouraged in the near future environmental applications. Additionally, the empirical equation developed for pyrene removal efficiency provided the good explanation of reaction behavior. Ultimately, the calculated values by this equation were in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Zerovalent iron
Ground zero
Contaminated groundwater
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Zero-valent iron has been reported as a successful remediation agent for environmental issues, being extensively used in soil and groundwater remediation. The use of zero-valent nanoparticles have been arisen as a highly effective method due to the high specific surface area of zero-valent nanoparticles. Then, the development of nanosized materials in general, and the improvement of the properties of the nano-iron in particular, has facilitated their application in remediation technologies. As the result, highly efficient and versatile nanomaterials have been obtained. Among the possible nanoparticle systems, the reactivity and availability of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) have achieved very interesting and promising results make them particularly attractive for the remediation of subsurface contaminants. In fact, a large number of laboratory and pilot studies have reported the high effectiveness of these NZVI-based technologies for the remediation of groundwater and contaminated soils. Although the results are often based on a limited contaminant target, there is a large gap between the amount of contaminants tested with NZVI at the laboratory level and those remediated at the pilot and field level. In this review, the main zero-valent iron nanoparticles and their remediation capacity are summarized, in addition to the pilot and land scale studies reported until date for each kind of nanomaterials.
Zerovalent iron
Groundwater Remediation
Permeable reactive barrier
Contaminated groundwater
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This study investigates the potential problems of zero-valent iron remediation of hexavalent chromium contamination by varying the type and dosage of zero-valent iron, finding a suitable zero-valent iron reaction material for application in actual remediation sites, and determining the dosage of zero-valent iron so that it can achieve remediation results without causing waste. To further investigate the effect of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants on the remediation effect, the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants were mixed with hexavalent chromium solution and a suitable amount of zero-valent iron was added.
Zerovalent iron
Hexavalent Chromium
Groundwater Remediation
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Zerovalent iron
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Advances on research of contaminated water remediation by nanoscale zero-valent iron(NZVI) were presented in detail,which accounted for types of contaminants that may be removed,reactive mechanics,and control factors.The NZVI technique can be used to remove several kinds of pollutants such as organic contaminants,inorganic contaminants,and heavy metals in water.The influence factors on contaminated water remediation included dissolved oxygen,pH,initial concentration,NZVI application intensity,NZVI particle size,NZVI co-operation with ultrasonic,and NZVI modification.In addition,special issues on contaminated groundwater remediation by the NZVI remedial technique were discussed pertaining to its practical applications and future research.
Zerovalent iron
Groundwater Remediation
Remedial action
Reactive material
Contaminated groundwater
Permeable reactive barrier
Contaminated water
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