[Endocrine cell of the cow colonic mucosa].
0
Citation
0
Reference
10
Related Paper
Abstract:
The epithelium of colon mucosa of the adult cow was studied using the methods of light and electron microscopy to demonstrate the endocrine cells. Individual fluctuations of the endocrine cell content was noted as well as an increase in the total number of endocrine cells in the rectal epithelium, that was more pronounced tan in other vertebrates. Four types of endocrine cells were demonstrated: EC, L, D, D1. The variability of dimensions and shape of granules in EC-cells was found to be less tan in other vertebrate species. In some D1-cells the mucous granules were observed along with endocrine ones, thus indicating the presence of "mixed" exo-endocrine cells. Undifferentiated endocrine cells were also detected that were found at the bottom of the crypts. The features indicated above are the specific peculiarities of endocrine apparatus of the mucosal epithelium of cow colon.Keywords:
Enteroendocrine cell
Cell type
Intestinal mucosa
Endocrine gland
Cite
The authors of this study examine the question of whether the so-called enterochromaffin or argentaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract should be considered as a single cell type. The systematic application of purely morphologic methods has led to the conclusion that the epithelium of the gastrointestinal mucosa comprises endocrine cells of several types. This conclusion is primarily based on the uneven and characteristic distribution of the various cell types along the intestinal tract, an observation precluding the interpretation that the different types correspond to diverse functional stages of the same cell. A specific endocrine function may be attributed to each of the given cell types recognized so far on account of their appearance and their localization in characteristic areas of the gastrointestinal tract. It is acknowledged, however, that a purely morphological study leaves room for doubt. The first cell type is probably responsible for the formation of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Cells of type II are morphologically comparable to the pancreatic A cells and may, therefore, be called intestinal A cells. Cell type III comprises intestinal D cells since their appearance corresponds to that of pancreatic D cells. Cell type IV might well be responsible for catecholamine production, whereas gastrin is in all probability produced in endocrine cell type V. As yet, the thorough morphological study of the gastrointestinal epithelium does not provide information as to additional distinct cellular sites of production of the several other hormones isolated from different parts of the gut.
Enteroendocrine cell
Enterochromaffin cell
Argentaffin
Gastrointestinal epithelium
Cell type
Intestinal epithelium
Intestinal mucosa
Enterochromaffin-like cell
Cite
Citations (257)
Plasticity of function is required for each of the anterior pituitary endocrine axes to support alterations in the demand for hormone with physiological status and in response to environmental challenge. This plasticity is mediated at the pituitary level by a change in functional cell mass resulting from a combination of alteration in the proportion of responding cells, the amount of hormone secreted from each cell, and the total number of cells within an endocrine cell population. The functional cell mass also depends on its organization into structural and functional networks. The mechanisms underlying alteration in gland output depend on the strength of the stimulus and are axis dependent but in all cases rely on sensing of output of the functional cell mass and its regulation. Here, we present evidence that the size of pituitary cell populations is constrained and suggest this is mediated by a form of quorum sensing. We propose that pituitary cell quorum sensing is mediated by interactions between the networks of endocrine cells and hormone-negative SOX2-positive (SOX2+ve) cells and speculate that the latter act as both a sentinel and actuator of cell number. Evidence for a role of the network of SOX2+ve cells in directly regulating secretion from multiple endocrine cell networks suggests that it also regulates other aspects of the endocrine cell functional mass. A decision-making role of SOX2+ve cells would allow precise coordination of pituitary axes, essential for their appropriate response to physiological status and challenge, as well as prioritization of axis modification.
Enteroendocrine cell
Endocrine gland
Cell type
Cite
Citations (12)
Enteroendocrine cell
Cell type
Respiratory tract
Cite
Citations (58)
Enteroendocrine cell
Transitional epithelium
Transitional Cell
Cell type
Endocrine gland
Cite
Citations (2)
Enteroendocrine cell
Endocrine gland
Cell type
Genital tract
Cite
Citations (4)
Human colorectal epithelium is composed mainly of columnar, mucous and endocrine cells; origin of these cell lineages from a multi-potential stem cell at the base of the crypt (the Unitarian hypothesis) has been proposed but not yet demonstrated. Gut endocrine cells have variously been considered of neural crest or endodermal origin, but conclusive evidence, particularly in humans, is lacking. It has been shown that in mouse gastrointestinal tract, a single progenitor cell gives rise to both columnar and mucous cells, but it has yet to be demonstrated that such a progenitor cell can also give rise to endocrine cells. Here, a single human rectal adenocarcinoma cell has been shown to differentiate into columnar, mucous and endocrine cells; therefore all epithelial lineages are of clonal origin. Additionally, these results show that human colorectal enteroendocrine cells, at least in neoplastic epithelium, have an endodermal origin.
Enteroendocrine cell
Gastrointestinal epithelium
Columnar Cell
Mucous membrane
Intestinal mucosa
Progenitor
Cite
Citations (127)
Morphological and histochemical studies on APUD-cells in the lung epithelium are reviewed. Common features of these cells are their capacity to produce and store amine, their argyrophilia and their characteristic cytoplasmic secretory granules. Based on the fine structural morphology of the secretory granules three types of cells were observed in human foetal lung. In the human adult lung, endocrine cells were few in number and widely scattered. Contact between endocrine cells and nerves was never seen. One 'function' of endocrine cells in the human adult lung may be to act as precursor cells for carcinoid tumours and small cell anaplastic carcinomas (the APUDomas of the lung).
Enteroendocrine cell
Cell type
Human lung
Cite
Citations (28)
The epithelium of colon mucosa of the adult cow was studied using the methods of light and electron microscopy to demonstrate the endocrine cells. Individual fluctuations of the endocrine cell content was noted as well as an increase in the total number of endocrine cells in the rectal epithelium, that was more pronounced tan in other vertebrates. Four types of endocrine cells were demonstrated: EC, L, D, D1. The variability of dimensions and shape of granules in EC-cells was found to be less tan in other vertebrate species. In some D1-cells the mucous granules were observed along with endocrine ones, thus indicating the presence of "mixed" exo-endocrine cells. Undifferentiated endocrine cells were also detected that were found at the bottom of the crypts. The features indicated above are the specific peculiarities of endocrine apparatus of the mucosal epithelium of cow colon.
Enteroendocrine cell
Cell type
Intestinal mucosa
Endocrine gland
Cite
Citations (0)
Enteroendocrine cell
Cite
Citations (0)