The Effects of Social Support on People with Physical Impairment Participation in Sports for All
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The purpose of this study was the differences of social support according to the characteristics of people with physical Impairment in terms of sociology of population. In order to examine the effects of social support on People with Physical Impairment participation in sports for all, 267 people with physical impairment data were analyzed. As the questionnaire for social support, this pa per used SIS (Social Influences Scale) employed in Hong Sang Uk, et al. (2003)`s questionnaire after revision and complementation. Also, using PASW 18.0, this study conducted validity and reliability verification and also Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Multiple Regression Analysis. Thereby, it gained the following results: First, by the sex of the people with physical impairment, there was significant difference in peer support, family support, instructor`s support, and self-esteem support. Also, by age, there was significant difference in peer support, instructor`s support, emotional support, self-esteem support, and materialistic support. And about disability rating, there was significant difference in peer support and instructor`s support. Second, among the subvariables of social support, peer support, family support, instructor`s support, and self-esteem support affected people with physical impairment participation in sports for all significantly. And emotional support and materialistic support had no statistically significant influence.Keywords:
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Purpose Exercise motivation (EM) is related to individual capabilities and social support. However, in support facilities for people with disabilities, it is susceptible to a lack of social support. In this study, we classified EM into Autonomous Motivation (AM) and controlled motivation (CM) and then examined the influence of social support.Method Thirty-three residents from a support facility for people with disabilities in Japan participated in this study. We conducted a hierarchical multiple regression analysis in which age, gender and time since admission were entered in Step 1, mobility and self-efficacy as individual capabilities in Step 2, and family support, facility support and peer support as social support in Step 3.Result A significant increase in variance from Step 2 to Step 3 was found for both AM (ΔR2 = 0.504, ΔF = 12.18, p < .001) and CM (ΔR2 = 0.269, ΔF = 3.491, p = .031). The results also showed that AM was higher among those with high family and facility support, and CM was higher among those with low family and high peer support.Conclusions Social support was a more significant predictor of EM among participants than individual capabilities.KEY MESSAGESAmong residents of support facilities for people with disabilities, assessing not only individual capabilities but also social support status can lead to better understandings of exercise motivation (EM).To enhance facility residents' autonomous motivation (AM), it is necessary to intervene after evaluating family and facility support.When family support is not readily available among facility residents, efforts should be made to encourage residents to interact with each other to increase peer support.
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Purpose: To examine the support from different sources of Chinese families of patients with moderate-to-severe dementia that most heavily influences the family adaptation and the influence pathway. Method: Two hundred and three families participated in this study. Chinese versions of instruments were used. Structural equation modeling was applied to confirm the effect pathway. Results: More family support, kin support, community support, and social support (narrow sense) were related to greater levels of family adaptation. Family support was the most heavy influence factor (total effect = 0.374), followed by kin support (0.334), social support (0.137), and community support (0.121). Family support and kin support were direct influence factors, while the other 2 were not. Conclusion: All support will promote family adaptation, especially family support and kin support. Interventions improving support from different sources, especially family support and kin support, will promote adaptation in Chinese families of patients with moderate-to-severe dementia.
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Family support for the elderly has become a very important issue in examining the overall well-being of the elderly. It is against this background that the present study examined family support for the elderly in Delta State of Nigeria. The major emphasis in the present study include the sources of support received, the forms of support received, frequency of support received, how adequate are supports received by the elderly, the relationship between the number of wives and children, social distance and the support received by the elderly. Findings from the analysis of data generated in the study revealed that the family still accounts for a large proportion of the support received by the elderly. The study also indicates that support received by the elderly are not regular and adequate. The study also established relationships between the number of wives, children and social distance and support received by the elderly in Nigeria.
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The purpose of this study was the differences of social support according to the characteristics of people with physical Impairment in terms of sociology of population. In order to examine the effects of social support on People with Physical Impairment participation in sports for all, 267 people with physical impairment data were analyzed. As the questionnaire for social support, this pa per used SIS (Social Influences Scale) employed in Hong Sang Uk, et al. (2003)`s questionnaire after revision and complementation. Also, using PASW 18.0, this study conducted validity and reliability verification and also Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Multiple Regression Analysis. Thereby, it gained the following results: First, by the sex of the people with physical impairment, there was significant difference in peer support, family support, instructor`s support, and self-esteem support. Also, by age, there was significant difference in peer support, instructor`s support, emotional support, self-esteem support, and materialistic support. And about disability rating, there was significant difference in peer support and instructor`s support. Second, among the subvariables of social support, peer support, family support, instructor`s support, and self-esteem support affected people with physical impairment participation in sports for all significantly. And emotional support and materialistic support had no statistically significant influence.
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Social support predicts better health and lower mortality, but the benefits of peer social support for smoking cessation are unclear due to methodological limitations of previous studies. Moreover, gender as a moderating factor has not been investigated despite documented differences in social support processes by gender. This study of perceived availability of peer support in quitting is a secondary analysis of 1,010 individuals who wanted to quit smoking and enrolled in an RCT that provided quitting assistance using tailored emails scheduled around a quit date. Participants completed measures of peer support for quitting at enrollment (baseline), and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Peer support at follow-ups was categorized as (i) never-present, (ii) always-present, and (iii) mixed. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) examined associations between peer support and 7-day point prevalence abstinence at follow-ups, controlling for baseline peer support, experimental condition, stress, depression, and sociodemographic and smoking behavior-related variables. Peer support x time and peer support x gender interactions were tested. Results indicated that among women, always-present or mixed peer support was associated with, respectively, odds of abstinence that were 4.36 (95% CI, 2.54-7.49, p <.0001), and 2.21 (OR=2.21, 95% CI, 1.27-3.85, p <.005) greater than among women reporting never-present peer support. Among men, peer support did not predict abstinence. Women who smoke may be especially receptive to the benefits of peer support when attempting to quit. Investigation of the basis of their perceptions, how they might be increased, and whether interventions to change them would be effective, is warranted.
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Peer support is widely assumed to help individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) adjust, yet the evidence is mixed. We propose that peer support may be more likely to promote adjustment when informal support is lacking. To test this hypothesis, 135 individuals living with SCI receiving peer support (46.7% female; Mage = 42.36, SD = 14.83) completed an online survey assessing aspects of and satisfaction with the peer support and family/friend support that they were receiving as well as measures of adjustment. Although those reporting receiving more peer support were not any better adjusted than those reporting less, individuals who were more satisfied with the peer support they received reported better adjustment. Moreover, the relation of satisfaction with peer support with depressive symptoms was dependent on the level of family/friend support. These findings suggest that peer support is most effective among those lacking support from family and friends.
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This study examined whether nursing home patients identified social support as coming from institutional peers and staff as well as family members. Associations among social support from those three sources, psychological well-being, and motivation to participate in treatment were explored in 32 patients. A majority described peer and staff support networks that were as large as or larger than their family support network. Subjective perceptions of support, but not size of network, were associated with well-being. Perceived support from peers was associated with less depression, greater positive affect, and greater motivation. Perceived support from staff and family was less consistently associated with well-being and motivation. Results suggest that peer and staff support contribute to the well-being of older adults and may complement family support during inpatient admissions or residential stays. Clinical and programmatic interventions that facilitate peer and staff support might enhance patient well-being and stimulate participation in self-care.
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