Applying adaptive principles: Developing guidance for planning practice
Runa Tabea HellwigDespoina TeliMarcel SchweikerJoon Ho ChoiMeng-Chieh LeeRodrigo MoraRajan RawalZhaojun WangFarah Al‐Atrash
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One of the major challenges of building industry today is to provide indoor spaces allowing the occupants to make themselves comfortable while achieving low energy consumption. Considering the observed increasing temperatures and a more extreme climate, this becomes even more urgent and difficult to accomplish. It is therefore necessary to rely on approaches than contribute to sustainable building design, such as the adaptive approach to thermal comfort which postulates that people are not passive recipients of their environment but adapt behaviourally, physiologically and psychologically. The concept of adaptive thermal comfort was formulated many decades ago and has been validated in numerous field studies. Temperature thresholds based on adaptive models have been included in international and national standards. However, the overall understanding of how to translate the adaptive principles into design practice and concepts for operating buildings is still limited. Subtask B of IEA Annex 69 addresses this gap: “Strategy and practice of adaptive thermal comfort in low energy buildings”. The subtask aims to develop guidelines for low energy buildings that include the principle of adaptive comfort. This paper discusses the challenges and gaps identified in using the principles of adaptive thermal comfort in building design and operation and outlines the contents of the imminent guideline.Keywords:
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This document--A Design Guide for Energy-Efficient Research Laboratories--provides a detailed and holistic framework to assist designers and energy managers in identifying and applying advanced energy-efficiency features in laboratory-type environments. The Guide fills an important void in the general literature and compliments existing in-depth technical manuals. Considerable information is available pertaining to overall laboratory design issues, but no single document focuses comprehensively on energy issues in these highly specialized environments. Furthermore, practitioners may utilize many antiquated rules of thumb, which often inadvertently cause energy inefficiency. The Guide helps its user to: introduce energy decision-making into the earliest phases of the design process, access the literature of pertinent issues, and become aware of debates and issues on related topics. The Guide does focus on individual technologies, as well as control systems, and important operational factors such as building commissioning. However, most importantly, the Guide is intended to foster a systems perspective (e.g. right sizing) and to present current leading-edge, energy-efficient design practices and principles.
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Abstract Nowadays, we use many of the modern technologies to make the optimal design of new buildings. Building Information Modeling Technology offers state-of-the-art solutions that allow the design of a building to create in many variants a realistically time-consuming development process and, by virtue of an almost fully automatic assessment of the variants, choose the most appropriate one according to the required criteria. Such a design of the building assumes its optimal behavior according to the criteria required by the investor, the user and other stakeholders, but also helps to keep the construction towards the sustainable development goals. There are many existing buildings that have obsolete properties. The management and durability of such buildings is very costly. Such buildings should be refurbished to meet the properties and imitations of new building behavior. 3D scanning technology goes hand in hand with the building sector digitization and outputs from 3D scanning technology serves as a useful basis for further working with data using BIM technology. This paper outlines the possibilities of creation of basics for current documentation with graphical information of these buildings and how it may serve for evaluation of possible options for repairs and reconstructions through the whole building lifecycle and further use in facility management.
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Today's high-performance buildings answer to a large and growing number of quantitative performance criteria. Performance gaps between design and actual performance have however been identified as a significant challenge for both energy performance, occupant satisfaction and operational costs. There is no doubt about the importance of a holistic approach to turn the inter-related series of building design and operational challenges into new opportunities. Discipline specific performance criteria are found to limit the possibilities for choosing holistic solutions. In this article we aim to use studies of available theory as well as our own insights of recent examples of holistic design in high-performance buildings to show how todays practice of discipline specific performance criteria and active technology leads to sub-optimal solutions. Through inductive reasoning and insights from literature, personal design experiences and related research activities, we present a view and show that subjective occupant feedback in the post-occupancy phase can gather crucial knowledge and documentation which can empower holistic design solutions and close the performance gaps in future buildings. We further suggest how new solutions for continuous subjective feedback can modernize and improve this process, enabling new ways of designing and operating buildings and contributing to realizing sustainable cities.
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Improving energy efficiency in buildings is a key objective for sensor researchers and promises significant reductions in energy usage across the world. The key technological driver for these gains are the novel sensor network deployments and the large amounts of data that they generate. The challenge however is making sense of this data, and using it effectively to design smarter building control schemes.
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It is becoming increasingly relevant that designs address sustainability requirements. The objectives of any sustainable design are: to reduce resource depletion of energy, water, and raw materials; prevent environmental degradation caused throughout the building lifecycle; provide a safe, comfortable and healthy living environment. Currently, the sustainability of a building is judged by standards codified in a rating system. (1) Although compliance with a sustainability rating system is not mandatory, increasingly, it is becoming a goal that many designers and authorities would like to achieve. However, there are impediments to the pervasive use of sustainable design rating systems. 1. Certification is expensive. ( 2 ) It is labor intensive, involving large volumes of data aggregation, information accounting and exchange, which, can be a deterrent to designers and the design process. 2. Ratings systems are periodically reviewed; as our understanding increase and technology improve, sustainability requirements on designs become more extensive and, sometimes, more stringent. (3) 3. Sustainable building design rating tools are not readily integrated into the design process whereby the design solution can be developed by different disciplines. 4. The design information model associated with a building may not contain the data (attributes) necessary to evaluate its design. 5. Information is disparate and distributed—requiring it to be supplemented, augmented from various sources, and managed for the different stages of a building design process In practice, designers tend to employ commercial (and reasonably stable) design tools, making it imperative to develop an approach that utilizes information readily and currently available in digital form in conjunction with rating system requirements. This research focuses on supporting sustainability assessment where designers need to evaluate the information in a design in order to fulfill sustainability metrics. The main research objective is an approach to integrating sustainability assessment with a design environment. This comprises: identifying informational requirements from rating systems; representing them in computable form; mapping them to information in a commercial design tool; and assessing the performance of a design. An overall framework for organizing, managing and representing sustainability information requirements is developed as the demonstrator. Case study of an actual project demonstrates the flow of information from a commercially available building information modeler and a sustainable building rating system. The process developed bridges sustainability assessment requirements with information from the model for preevaluation prior to submission for certification. Contributions include a technical implementation of sustainable design assessment for pre assessment through a process of identifying information availability, augmentation, representation and management focused on two credits (Reduce indoor water use and Minimum energy performance) over evolving rating standards, namely (LEED 2.1, LEED 2009 and LEED v4). These contributions are intended to enable designers, stakeholders, contractors and other professionals to communicate strategies and make informed decisions to achieve sustainability goals for a project from design through to operation.
(1) Design choices are validated, by measuring design performance against criteria specified by the rating system. See Chapter 2: Research Background. (2) “Shame on you for perpetuating this myth that green design costs more even if integrated properly. LEED certification does, but green design need not.” (Kats, 2010) (3) “Sustainability is not static–it is iteratively changing, based on knowledge that connects science and design.” (Williams, 2007)
Sustainable Design
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Sustainability is frequently correlated with energy efficiency and environmentally sensitive design. Issues such as energy use, daylight harvesting, waste management, materials manufacturing, and recyclability are all considered. More difficult to quantify but of great importance in determining whether a project is truly sustainable is the degree to which a building or space appropriately serves the function for which it was designed. Thoughtful integration of acoustic design into building projects is required to ensure the finished product will meet the design goals of the client and users, including acoustic performance requirements. Without early integrated design efforts, the need for immediate renovation or other changes to a newly completed project due to acoustic deficiencies becomes much more likely. This presentation will provide case histories of projects made successful, and therefore sustainable, through an integrated design approach. Issues related to these successful outcomes will be discussed, including budget pressures, education of the client and design team regarding the effect design decisions have on the functionality and usability of spaces, and the importance of relationship building in encouraging design team members to take on design ideas which might challenge past approaches or assumptions.
Sustainable Design
Presentation (obstetrics)
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This report documents part of the work performed in phase I of a Laboratory Directors Research and Development (LDRD) funded project entitled Building Performance Assurances (BPA). The focus of the BPA effort is to transform the way buildings are built and operated in order to improve building performance by facilitating or providing tools, infrastructure, and information. The efforts described herein focus on the development of metrics with which to evaluate building performance and for which information and optimization tools need to be developed. The classes of building performance metrics reviewed are (1) Building Services (2) First Costs, (3) Operating Costs, (4) Maintenance Costs, and (5) Energy and Environmental Factors. The first category defines the direct benefits associated with buildings; the next three are different kinds of costs associated with providing those benefits; the last category includes concerns that are broader than direct costs and benefits to the building owner and building occupants. The level of detail of the various issues reflect the current state of knowledge in those scientific areas and the ability of the to determine that state of knowledge, rather than directly reflecting the importance of these issues; it intentionally does not specifically focus on energy issues. The report describes work in progress and is intended as a resource and can be used to indicate the areas needing more investigation. Other reports on BPA activities are also available.
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The quality of the indoor environment is a determining factor for health due to fact that people spend most of their lives inside the buildings. In the current context, the entire construction industry is confronted with particular priorities regarding the execution of sustainable buildings. Designers and constructors have become increasingly aware of the wide spectrum of issues that affect the environment and health, but they face a confusing number of possible actions and solutions, which makes the selection of materials difficult. The paper presents the calculation program developed based on the ECCOMAT analysis method, which is a tool designed to offer the users multiple possibilities for the management and analysis of building materials, helping them obtain in an easy and rapid way the optimal solution. The application field is the design and construction of buildings with ecological materials and the extension of research in order to obtain new ecological materials.
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