Agricultural Applications of Coir
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The present paper looks into the growth, instability, and sources of growth and instability of coir products export from India. Total coir export was found to have significant increase over the years. A drastic shift from finished products like handloom mats, coir yarn, and handloom mattings to products like coir fibre and coir pith in the composition of total coir products export from India was evident. Coir fibre showed the highest growth in export quantity, followed by coir curled. Export quantity was highest for coir other sorts, followed by power loom mats, power loom matting, and coir rugs. Change in mean quantity accounted for more than 80 percent changes in total coir export value. The change followed it in the mean unit value. Change in export quantity-export unit value covariance and change in mean export quantity were the major contributors to variance of export value.
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Coir is the actually waste product of the coconut which is the outer shell of coconut and how this waste is converted into the best products, is the journey of coir industry in India. Coir products are exported to more than 80 countries in the world. India is the largest producer and exporter of the coir and coir products. India contributes 80% of the world's production of coir. Coir Board is the statutory body which works for the development of coir industry. The study focus is to evaluate the contribution of coir industry in terms of exports, employment, what incentives are offered by the coir board and MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) ministry to the coir industry and find out the challenges faced by the coir industry.
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Coir pith is a by-product of the coir fibre processing industry. Accumulation of coir pith leads to an environmental concern and its management is a major problem with all coir industrialists. Therefore biodegradation of coir pith is an essential requirement to control pollution. Coir pith is a potential wealth and can be converted into valuable organic manure by microbial degradation. A method of composting of coir pith with urea has been developed by Coir Board which uses a fungus viz., Pithplus (Pleurotus sajor caju). Application of urea releases higher concentration of ammonia in the soil making it more acidic and retards soil natural fertility. Hence an alternative cost effective nitrogen supplement needs to be developed as a substitute to urea for composting of coir pith. Coir pith can be converted to effective organic manure with the use of fungus (Pleurotus sajor caju) along with the addition of nitrogen supplements like Azolla, Neem cake and Fish waste in 1:1:1 proportion. The present study aims at the formulation of bioorganic manure from coir pith avoiding urea in the composting. Overall assessment on the physico chemical properties of the biodegraded coir pith leads to the conclusion that a combination of Azolla, Neem cake and Fish waste in 1:1:1 proportion was found to be efficient in lignin degradation and contribute to novel changes in coir pith. A study was conducted to evaluate the competence of biocompost thus produced for the cultivation of Amaranthus and Groundnut. Studies confirmed that Coir-KrishiMithra can be used as an effective growing media and hence, the use of Coir-KrishiMithra, a 100% organic manure can be entertained in homes, nurseries and fields for the cultivation of plants mainly vegetables; thereby promoting the eco-friendly organic cultivation and minimize the environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizers.
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The present study was investigated the effect of recycled coir organic substrates on the growth of different vegetable crops. The recycled coir had better physical and chemical properties than the new coir. The growth of tomato plant was better on the coir substrate that had been used for 2 years than that on the new coir substrate. The average number of tomato fruits was 108 on the new coir substrate, while it was 179 and 165 on the coir substrate used for 1 and 2 years, respectively. The growth of cherry tomato plant was also better on the coir substrate used for 2 years than that on the new coir substrate. The average number of cherry tomato fruits was 43 on the new coir substrate, while it was 206 and 164 on the coir substrate used for 1 and 2 years, respectively. The growth of brussel sprout was better on the coir substrate used for 3 years than that on the new coir substrate and the average number of brussel sprout leaves was 26.8 on the new coir substrate, while it was 34.3 on the coir substrate used for 3 years. The growth of Korean cabbage improved on the coir substrate used for 1 years compared to the new coir substrate and the number of leaves was 15.1 on the new coir substrate, while it was 24.3 on the coir substrate used for 1 year. Thus, used coir can be recycled to improve vegetable yields compared to using new coirs.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Coconut Palm as a Crop and Its Cultivation Structure of the Coconut as a Drupe Extraction of Coir Fibre from Coconut Husks Different Types of Coir Fibre Characteristics of Coir as a Natural Fibre Major Uses of Coir Conclusion References
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Coir is an abundant bio-resource coming out as coconut industry residues. With the high fiber content and porous surface area, coir can be utilized as an adsorbent for heavy metal removal from water. This study investigates the capability of multi-component heavy metal removal using raw coir dust and processed coir pith. The capabilities of raw coir dust and processed coir pith samples to remove the major heavy metals are measured by the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. Raw coir dust indicates higher capabilities of heavy metal removal, compared with processed coir pith, recording the highest efficiencies of 17.66%, 21.27%, 18.90%, 6.66%, 12.87%, 21.63%, and 24.29%, for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb, respectively. The study also evaluates life cycle energy consumption and global warming impact of the two adsorbents. Production of one tonne of processed coir pith accounts for a life cycle energy consumption of 705.53 MJ and global warming impact of 248.15 kg CO 2eq while raw coir dust shows insignificant life cycle energy consumption and global warming potential. The effect of adsorption conditions on heavy metal removal efficiencies, stage-wise life cycle analysis, and the appropriateness of coir as environmentally benign heavy metal adsorbents are discussed.
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Replacing rockwool with more sustainable materials, such as coir, is an effective measure to improve the sustainability of soilless cultivation in the greenhouse. To comprehensively assess the feasibility of coir before using it widely, coir was compared to rockwool as a cucumber cultivation substrate to evaluate its performance on mineral elements in the substrates, drainage, and in the plants. Plant growth, amino acids, and flavor substances of cucumber fruits were also compared between the two substrates. Compared to rockwool, coir significantly increased the LAI and yield of cucumber crops as well as contents of Ca, Mg, S, Cl and Zn in leaves and fruits. Contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Zn, and B in the substrate were higher for coir while those of Fe, Cu, and Mn in the drainage lower. Moreover, coir also significantly increased contents of amino acids (His, Leu, Ile, Phe, Lys, Asp, Glu and Pro) and flavor substance (TC, PS, TP, CLL, CuB, and LA) in cucumber fruits. Our results demonstrated the potential of coir as a replacement of rockwool to improve sustainability of soilless cultivation in the greenhouse.
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Abstract Kerala (the southernmost state in India), which is named after a coconut tree, is the first place that produced coir. The process of coir extraction produces coir waste, the disposal of which is becoming a major problem recently. Coir waste includes dusty matter called coir pith, along with some baby fibers. Studies have not yet been conducted on the influence of these coir wastes regarding the engineering behavior of soil. Two types of soils viz. lateritic soil and soft clay have been considered using different percentage of coir waste ranging from 0.5 % to 3 % by weight of soil. The main objective of the present investigation is to assess the usefulness of coir waste as a soil admixture and is focused on its influence on the engineering properties of soil. The present study covers the characterization of soils and coir pith, compaction behavior, CA bearing ratio, swelling and compressibility behavior. The results show that addition of coir waste modifies the geotechnical characteristics of both types of soils.
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