Slaughterhouse survey for detection of bovine viral diarrhea infection among beef cattle in Kyushu, Japan
Mohammad Aref AGAHKosuke NotsuHeba ElkhaiatGenki ArikawaMeiko KuboShuya MitomaTamaki OkabayashiHirohisa MekataEslam ElhanafyHala El DaousThi NganThi Huyen Tram NguyenNorikazu IsodaYoshihiro SakodaJunzo NorimineSatoshi Sekiguchi
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Abstract:
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) footprint has spread across the globe and is responsible for one of the most economically important diseases in cattle. In Japan, some regional surveillance and preventive measures to control bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) have been implemented. However, BVDV infection is poorly understood in cattle industries, and there is no systematic BVD surveillance system and control program. Kyushu is the center for raising beef cattle in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the BVDV infection using a slaughterhouse survey among beef cattle in Kyushu, Japan. A total of 1,075 blood samples were collected at two regional slaughterhouses in Miyazaki prefecture from December 2015 to June 2016. Antigen ELISA was used for detection of BVDV antigen in blood samples. Two samples showed positive results (2/1,075; 0.18%). BVDV RNA was extracted from positive blood samples; the sequence was determined and analyzed by the neighbor-joining method for construction of the phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5'-UTR revealed that the two positive samples were grouped into the same subtype BVDV-1b in the BVDV-1 genotype, but the infected cattle belonged to two different farms. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify the presence of BVDV in a slaughterhouse survey in Kyushu. These findings suggest that a slaughterhouse survey is a useful tool for developing a surveillance system for monitoring infectious diseases in cattle.Keywords:
Beef Cattle
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Autumn diarrhea (Rotavirus diarrhea) usually epidemic in autumn. The clinical symptoms include vomit, diarrhea (excreting diluted egg patterns excrement) and fever. The treatment of diarrhea is mainly supplementing liquid, resisting virus, curbing diarrhea. The paper presents the progress of the treatment of autumn diarrhea.
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Since the published incidence of tube feeding-associated diarrhea varies widely between 2.3 and 68%, and because commonly used definitions of diarrhea are subjective and imprecise, we determined the actual fecal output of malnourished patients during the first 6 days of tube feeding. Nine patients on the same isoosmolar formula were evaluated for diarrhea. Patients were interviewed daily as to whether they thought diarrhea was present or absent. Frequency of defecation was recorded, and stool was collected daily for weight. When assessed subjectively, the incidence of diarrhea rose from 11% on day 1, to 25% on day 4, and to 43% by day 6. The group (n = 4) complaining of diarrhea averaged 3.0 bowel movements per day, whereas those denying diarrhea (n = 5) averaged fewer than 0.2 bowel movements per day (p less than 0.01). Stool weight, however, plateaued for all patients by day 6 at 52.7 +/- 35.7 g of stool per day. No patient produced in excess of 250 g of stool per day. We suggest that traditional subjective measures for assessing diarrhea may be flawed and should not be relied upon when evaluating and treating tube feeding-associated diarrhea.
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Diarrhea has an impact on children's health, one of which is dehydration. Laboratory studies and clinical trials, pure honey has bactericidal activity that causes diarrhea. Giving honey is useful in reducing the frequency of diarrhea in children. Honey has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties that can treat diarrhea. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of honey to reduce the frequency of diarrhea in children. The design of this study was a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest nonequivalent without a control group. The research sample was 20 children who experienced diarrhea. Honey is given 3 times a day as much as 5 ml. Results: The results showed that the frequency of diarrhea decreased after being given honey, which means that there was an effect of giving honey on a decrease in the frequency of diarrhea in children (p<0.001). Conclusions: Honey can be used as an alternative therapy to reduce the frequency of diarrhea in children.
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Objective To study the anti-diarrhea effect of Wentongbabugao on model mice. Methods A diarrhea-model mouse was established by intragastric administration of castro oil.The experimental animals were divided into three groups.The stool characteristics,the number of diarrhea,the weight loss of the mice in six hours,and the skin reaction on which the paste was applied were recorded. Results The number of diarrhea,the weight loss in diarrhea-plus-drug group were less than the diarrhea group and diarrhea-plus-base group,the difference was significant(F=4.20,28.35,q=3.02-5.50;P0.01,0.05).The difference between the diarrhea group and diarrhea-plus-base group was not significant(P0.05).No skin reactions such as flush,rash,blain,or swelling was observed in diarrhea-plus-drug group and diarrhea-plus-base group. Conclusion The Wentongbabugao is effective on anti-diarrhea without irritation to skin.
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ABSTRACT In a prospective study carried out in two urban centers in northeastern Brazil, 195 HEp-2-adherent Escherichia coli strains were isolated; 110 were identified as the only pathogen in stools of children with diarrhea, and 85 were from controls. Enteropathogenic E. coli isolates were identified in 21 children with diarrhea (8.9%) and 7 children without diarrhea (3.0%), and they were significantly associated with diarrhea ( P < 0.01). Enteroaggregative E. coli strains were isolated from 40 children with diarrhea (16.9%) and 38 children without diarrhea (16.4%) and showed no correlation with diarrhea ( P > 0.5). In 49 children with diarrhea (20.7%) and 40 children without diarrhea (17.3%), diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) isolates were detected and were not found to be associated with diarrhea ( P = 0.41). However, after stratification, for children older than 12 months of age a significant correlation between DAEC infection and diarrhea was detected ( P = 0.01). These results suggest that DAEC isolates should be considered potential pathogens in northeastern Brazil and also confirm the association of DAEC with age-dependent diarrhea.
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A wide array of management tools and interventions exist within the beef industry to improve animal welfare and productivity; however, the ability to monitor and assess the outcomes of those tools is lacking. Thus, a multifaceted system to observe life-cycle health and well-being of beef cattle was designed and implemented to provide producers with real-time data on cattle health and productivity. In beef cattle production systems, deficiencies in management most commonly manifest themselves as cattle with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) or nutritional disorders such as acidosis; therefore, lung, liver, and rumen gross pathology lesions present in beef cattle at slaughter were measured and their associations with performance determined.
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