14C-Dating of the Late Bronze Age City of Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus: Status Report
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ABSTRACT Hala Sultan Tekke is a large Bronze Age city located on the southeastern littoral of Cyprus. The city flourished from approximately 1650 BC to 1150 BC according to the archaeological evidence. Since 2010, Swedish excavations have exposed four new city quarters (CQ1–4) with three occupational phases, the 14 C dating of which is of highest importance also for other contemporaneous cultures. The finds demonstrate vast intercultural connections in the Mediterranean and even with southern Scandinavia. In 2014, roughly 500 m to the east of CQ1, one of the richest cemeteries on the island was discovered. According to the archaeological evidence, the finds from the city date mainly to the 13th and 12th centuries BC. However, many of the wealthy tombs and the offering pits from the cemetery are considerably older with the oldest finds dating to the 16th century BC. This raises the question where the city quarters belonging to the oldest finds from the cemetery are situated. The radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates from Hala Sultan Tekke have much influence on the dating of related sites because of numerous imports from a vast area. We present here new 14 C data obtained in the course of the current excavations, which add to sets of already existing data.Keywords:
Chalcolithic
Canaanean blade technology is widely accepted as a hallmark of the Early Bronze Age in the southern Levant. Over the past several years excavations of various sites attributed to the Chalcolithic period have yielded a small number of such blades. Despite this, there is still no consensus regarding the dating of the introduction of this technology and some scholars have argued that these finds came from mixed contexts. Using data from the site of Fazael 2, the paper suggests that Canaanean blade technology had already been introduced in the southern Levant by the end-phase of the Chalcolithic period, possibly as part of the onset of the transition to the early Bronze Age.
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The article is devoted to two episodes that allow us to speak about the presence of long-distance connections and contacts (or migrations) between the Urals and Europe during the Eneolithic and Bronze Age.The earlier Eneolithic contacts are represented by the Ural megaliths, which have parallels in Northwestern Europe.Later contacts are reflected in Bronze artifacts of the Seima-Turbino type and in tin alloys penetrating to Central and Western Europe from the east in the Late Bronze Age.
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The Bronze Age in lands bordering the Aegean Sea was a period of roughly two millennia that followed the age of Neolithic cultures. The name is not perfectly accurate; men did begin to use metals more or less systematically in this time, but chief among them at the outset was natural copper, not yet deliberately alloyed with tin. None the less the phrase has useful connotations, reflecting the Greek memory of an older γενος μεροπων ανθρωπων χαλκειον, and it is firmly established. The terms Chalcolithic and Copper Age, logical and correct in themselves, are now best reserved for Anatolia and other areas where their meanings have won acceptance.
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Chalcolithic
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Abstract The last decade of excavations at Çadır Höyük, in the north-central region of the Anatolian plateau, has revealed a well-established Late Chalcolithic community with continuous occupation into the Early Bronze I period (mid fourth to early third millennium BC). While the Late Chalcolithic town was prosperous, with well-made houses and objects, and even monumental construction, the stability of the settlement had slipped by the Early Bronze I phase. We summarise here the results from ten seasons of work at the site and profile how the findings contribute to our understanding of Çadır's role in a larger regional context. We also offer possible explanations for the changing nature of the Çadır occupation during the periods detailed here.
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Abstract Ancient DNA was analyzed in altogether 28 Late Eneolithic and Bronze Age human skeletons form 4 sites in southern Ukraine. More than 0,3% of human DNA was preserved only in 13 skeletons. The results of our analyses provide evidence that recovery of DNA molecules suitable for genetic analyses is more dependent on the specificity of the archaeological site and is not strongly correlated with particular environmental factors.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of radiocarbon chronology of the post-Neolithic-Eneolithic sites in the basin of Kama-Vyatka interfluve. The term “post-Neolithic” defines the transitional period from the Neolithic to the Eneolithic period. The paper presents 12 new radiocarbon dates. Eight dates belong to the Novoilinskaya post-Neolithic culture. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from the pottery organics. On the results of dating for the Novoilinskaya culture, the time frame was determined from 4300 to 3000 calBC. Several dates on charcoal and organics from pottery obtained earlier were unaccepted. One of the factors for this is the contamination of samples with younger organics. For the Garino Eneolithic culture, two new dates were obtained on organics from pottery. Both results are in good agreement with other dates from the database of this culture. The time frame of the Garino culture was determined to be 3400–1700 calBC. The early and late stages of this culture were established. These stages were identified based on the typology of dwellings, stone inventory and pottery. For the Bor type of sites, two new AMS radiocarbon dates were obtained from the charred food crusts from ceramics. In according to the existing chronology, these dates are older and cannot be accepted for consideration. The chronology of the Bor culture is within 3000–2500 calBC. It is important that there the questions of older radiocarbon dates on the charred food crusts from ceramics. This problem should be resolved both by archaeologists and specialists in radiocarbon analysis
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