Early Neolithic the First Farmers in Europe, 7000–5500/5000 BC
Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology/Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology (2002)
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Chalcolithic
Beaker
Bronze
Canaanean blade technology is widely accepted as a hallmark of the Early Bronze Age in the southern Levant. Over the past several years excavations of various sites attributed to the Chalcolithic period have yielded a small number of such blades. Despite this, there is still no consensus regarding the dating of the introduction of this technology and some scholars have argued that these finds came from mixed contexts. Using data from the site of Fazael 2, the paper suggests that Canaanean blade technology had already been introduced in the southern Levant by the end-phase of the Chalcolithic period, possibly as part of the onset of the transition to the early Bronze Age.
Chalcolithic
Southern Levant
Bronze
Iron Age
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The article primarily presents two small-sized finds from the group of the little-known chipped stone industry of the Proto-Eneolithic Jordanów culture in Bohemia. These chipped stone artefacts from Central Bohemia reflect human behaviour in settlement and mortuary contexts. The first find, a knife made of Baiersdorf tabular chert, was found at a settlement site from the upper phase of the Jordanów culture that had been reutilised as a splintered piece. This is typical of the Proto-Eneolithic and Early Eneolithic periods (e.g. the Funnel Beaker Culture). The second find was a blade of an earlier – perhaps from the Paleolithic period – which had been retrieved and retouched during the Eneolithic age and deposited in a grave dating from the upper phase of the Jordanów culture. The authors also draw attention to other constituent-related issues, such as the advent of flat retouched and longer blades during the Proto-Eneolithic period. The informative potential of the chipped stone industry for monitoring cultural and chronological issues has not yet been fully exploited. This also includes technological and typological changes and the differences between the Lengyel and Jordanów cultures.
Chalcolithic
Beaker
Settlement (finance)
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The Bronze Age in lands bordering the Aegean Sea was a period of roughly two millennia that followed the age of Neolithic cultures. The name is not perfectly accurate; men did begin to use metals more or less systematically in this time, but chief among them at the outset was natural copper, not yet deliberately alloyed with tin. None the less the phrase has useful connotations, reflecting the Greek memory of an older γενος μεροπων ανθρωπων χαλκειον, and it is firmly established. The terms Chalcolithic and Copper Age, logical and correct in themselves, are now best reserved for Anatolia and other areas where their meanings have won acceptance.
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Among prehistoric potsherds of Mr. SAKAMOTO's collection in Higo Province, there are some very unusual examples of shape. Their reconstructions are truly beaker-shaped with band handles as the illustration shows. Such shaped pots have not yet been recorded in Japan, and from comparative studies the shape suggests resemblances with the black type of pottery in prehistoric China.
Beaker
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Beaker
Chalcolithic
Settlement (finance)
Funnel
Human settlement
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Abstract Pottery is essential for understanding the history, everyday life, material culture, and trade in the Bronze Age Aegean (3100–1100 BCE ). It is also important for chronology, since ceramic phasing is the most widely employed method for measuring time in prehistory.
Chronology
Bronze
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A bstract The techniques of manufacture and decoration employed by the potters living on the Plain of Antioch from about 4500 to 2000 b.c. are summarized on the basis of evidence obtained from a laboratory study of the pottery and the local clays.
Chalcolithic
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Chalcolithic
Bronze
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Abstract Ancient DNA was analyzed in altogether 28 Late Eneolithic and Bronze Age human skeletons form 4 sites in southern Ukraine. More than 0,3% of human DNA was preserved only in 13 skeletons. The results of our analyses provide evidence that recovery of DNA molecules suitable for genetic analyses is more dependent on the specificity of the archaeological site and is not strongly correlated with particular environmental factors.
Chalcolithic
Bronze
Ancient DNA
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