A Critical Assessment of J-Integral and CTOD as Fracture Parameters
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The elastic plastic fracture toughness of DH40 steel has been investigated simultaneously by the conventional J integral and the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) methods. The critical J(J_c) and the critical CTOD(δ_c) are based on crack initiation. Another new method to determine J_c based on the close relationship between the J-integral and CTOD has also been developed. Those three critical J_c values,J_(c-81), J_(c-NEW),and J_(c-BS) obtained from the ASTM E-813-81, the new J method, and the equation J_c=mσ_sδ_c(1-μ~2) of the CTOD method are compared. The result shows that when there is a large scale yielding, J_c value can be obtained from ASTM E-813-81 method and the new J method, while the CTOD method is only valid in the linear elastic field.
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This paper deals with methodical results concerning the estimation of crack resistance curves of the J-integral and Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD). The experiments were performed at ferritic nodular cast iron at varions temperatures down to - 40 degrees centigrade. The applied low-blow-technique allowed the reproducible determination of dynamic R-curves of the J-integral and also the CTOD-concept as a modified δ 5 -technique.
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Fracture mechanics has been widely used for mechanical integrity assessment in industrial applications. Different approaches in the fracture mechanics assessment have been developed to achieve more accurate prediction of component lifetime. This paper describes fracture mechanics assessments by applying the 2D and 3D crack growth analyses of a real mechanical component under cyclic load as an example from the power industry. In 2D crack growth analysis, both an appropriate equivalent geometry as well as the original geometry with an explicit crack model are investigated. A limitation of 2D crack growth analysis in the example is to consider load redistribution, which follows from the local stiffness change attributed to the cyclic crack growth. This can be overcome by 3D crack growth analysis with an explicit crack model. Comparison between 2D and 3D assessment results are given. The concept of local limit load and failure assessment diagram (FAD) are reviewed and studied by using finite element (FE) analysis.
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A new concept of strain energy along radius from crack tip within plastic zone is presented based on the analysis of deformations behavior of crack tip in terms of fracture mechanics and plastic mechanics,and a criterion of crack propagation is proposed.In order to avoid the singularities in strain energy integral in the criterion of crack propagation,a concept of critical intrinsic zone of crack propagation is introduced in this study.Through a comparison among the results with that of other theory,it is found that the criterion of crack propagation proposed is reasonable.
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The Engineering Flaw Assessment Method, EFAM, is presently being developed at GKSS. It consists of several individual documents for determining material properties and the crack driving force. The present paper briefly describes the document EFAM ETM 97 which provides guidance for estimating the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) and the J ‐integral as driving force parameters for homogeneous structures. The CTOD and J can be expressed as functions of applied force or applied strain.
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