Integrated charge excitation triboelectric nanogenerator
Wenlin LiuZhao WangGao WangGuanlin LiuJie ChenXianjie PuYi XiXue WangHengyu GuoChenguo HuZhong Lin Wang
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Abstract:
Performance of triboelectric nanogenerators is limited by low and unstable charge density on tribo-layers. An external-charge pumping method was recently developed and presents a promising and efficient strategy towards high-output triboelectric nanogenerators. However, integratibility and charge accumulation efficiency of the system is rather low. Inspired by the historical development of electromagnetic generators, here, we propose and realize a self-charge excitation triboelectric nanogenerator system towards high and stable output in analogy to the principle of traditional magnetic excitation generators. By rational design of the voltage-multiplying circuits, the completed external and self-charge excitation modes with stable and tailorable output over 1.25 mC m-2 in contact-separation mode have been realized in ambient condition. The realization of the charge excitation system in this work may provide a promising strategy for achieving high-output triboelectric nanogenerators towards practical applications.Keywords:
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Abstract The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), based on the triboelectrification coupled with electrostatic induction, can directly convert ambient mechanical energy into electric energy. However, the output performance of TENG is still low and demands further improvement to speed up the commercial application. In this work, we demonstrate a TENG based on a flexible and transparent composite film made of PDMS and ZIF-8. When the amount of the ZIF-8 is 4 wt%, the generated output current and voltage of the TENG are gradually increased up to 16.3 μ A and 176 V, which are 210% and 230% higher than that of TENG without ZIF-8, respectively. Impregnated ZIF-8 which exhibits a positive polarity lowers the effective work function of the PDMS and enhance the surface charge density, verified by Kelvin probe force microscope measurement.
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Triboelectric nanogenerator could efficaciously harvest the mechanical energy that come from the ambient environment, which has become a research hotspot in the sphere of wearable electronic technology. Here, a self-powered and highly stretchable single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator with an undulating three-dimensional surface crumpled structure is reported. The triboelectric nanogenerator has a multilayer structure with a crumpled nanofiber membrane as the triboelectric material. Due to the materials and structural innovations, the triboelectric nanogenerator possesses outstanding electric output stability and stretchability. It could subtly transform the unstretched flexible nanofiber membrane into a stretchable material, while overcoming the deficiency that the nanofiber membrane has a tendency to be delaminated from the electrode layer during long-term operation. Utilizing the triboelectric nanogenerator directly attached to human skin could efficaciously harvest the ignored mechanical energy that come from our daily activities.
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Charge density is one of the most important parameters of triboelectric nanogenerators since it directly determines performance; unfortunately, it is largely restricted by the phenomenon of air breakdown. Here, we design a self-improving triboelectric nanogenerator with improved charge density. A maximum effective charge density of 490 μC m-2 is obtained, which is about two times higher than the highest reported charge density of a triboelectric nanogenerator that operates in an air environment. At the beginning of the working process, the charge accumulation speed is increased 5.8 times in comparison with a triboelectric nanogenerator that is incorporated into the self-improving device. The self-improving triboelectric nanogenerator overcomes the restriction of air breakdown and exhibits an increased effective charge density, which contributes to the improvement of the output performance, and the increase of charge accumulation speed will accelerate the increase of the output power at the start of operation.
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Triboelectric nanogenerators are attracting considerable interest among the scientific community due to their potential applications in the field of energy harvesting and self-powered active sensors for touches, pressures, vibrations, accelerations and other dynamic mechanical motions. Here, we report a new class of triboelectric nanogenerator based on polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers. Furthermore, the chapter investigates the potential of this triboelectric nanogenerator for detection and quantification of pressures. For this purpose, the triboelectric nanogenerator is subjected to controlled pressures using the technique of dynamic mechanic analysis. The experimental results reveal that the sensor electric responses increase linearlly under stronger pressures. The pressure sensor has a wide detection range from 0 to 2000 Pa with a high sensitivity of 0.936 nA/Pa for the low-pressure region (˂ 800 Pa). Furthermore, the sensor electric outputs are very stable and exhibit almost no change for repeated applications of the same pressure. The main contributions of this work are the development of a novel triboelectric nanogenerator based on polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers and the investigation for its potential use for the detection and quantification of pressures. This work succesfully demonstrated that the developed triboelectric nanogenerator measure dynamic pressures in real time, which has important applications in pressure monitoring, touch screens, and medical devices.
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Performance of triboelectric nanogenerators for harvesting mechanical energy from the ambient environment has been limited by structural complexity, cost‐effectiveness, and mechanical weakness of materials. Herein, a cost‐effective vertical contact separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator using polyethylene (PE) and polycarbonate (PC) in a regular digital versatile disc is reported. This cost‐effective nanogenerator with simplified structures is able to generate an open‐circuit voltage of 215.3 V and short‐circuit current of 80 μA. The effects of the distance of impact and the air gap between the triboelectric layers have also been tested from 3 to 9 cm, and 0.25 to 1 cm, respectively. It is determined that 0.5 cm is the optimal air gap. The nanogenerator is also tested in different real‐life scenarios including stresses produced by a moving car, walking, and a rolling skateboard over the nanogenerator. The surfaces of the triboelectric layers are further modified by surface‐charge engineering which induced a 460% increase in the output power. These tests reveal a significant electrical response and mechanical stability under stress. In summary, this study demonstrates that the relatively inexpensive PE and PC triboelectric pair has the potential to be used for highly efficient, mechanically robust triboelectric nanogenerators.
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