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    Bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells have been succesfully used to enhance angiogenesis after tissue ischemia. The role of endothelial progenitor cells in endothelial cell homeostasis and their putative role in atherogenesis have been recently investigated. Cardiovascular risk factors negatively influence endothelial progenitor cell number and function while vasculoprotection e.g. by statins, estrogens and physical activity may be partly mediated by progenitor cells. Endogenous mobilization or injection of ex-vivo generated endothelial progenitor cells is associated with an enhanced reendothelialization, an improvement of endothelial function and reduced athersclerotic burden. In contrast, endothelial progenitor cells may promote plaque angiogenesis in animal models and may negatively influence plaque development and stability. However, in humans with coronary atherosclerotic disease, endothelial progenitor cells are a novel risk prdictor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In this review we focus on the role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in endothelial cell repair mechanisms at the vascular wall and their potentially protective and therapeutic role in atherosclerotic disease.
    Endothelial progenitor cell
    Therapeutic angiogenesis
    Endothelial progenitor cells are precursors of vascular endothelial cells,which are also called angioblasts.These cells are involved in embryonic angiogenesis and in postnatal angiogenesis.Application of endothelial progenitor cells for cell transplantation has been a focus for the treatment of ischemic vascular disease.This article provides an overview of research using endothelial progenitor cells while focusing on the safety and efficacy of stem cell transplantation.
    Vasculogenesis
    Endothelial progenitor cell
    Citations (0)
    After the injury of vascular endothelial,bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell can be mobilized into the peripheral circulation,home to ischemic areas or sites of vascular damage,inducing endothelial cell proliferation,migration or differentiating into functional mature endothelial cell to promote the reendothelization of the damaged vessels.So it may become a new tool for treatment of cardiovascular disease.However,the signaling pathway that regulates endothelial progenitor cell proliferation,migration,differentiation and other biological characteristics needs to be thoroughly researched,which is not only difficult,but also hot in this area.This review will focus on the research regulation of endothelial progenitor cell signaling pathway.
    Endothelial progenitor cell
    Vasculogenesis
    Progenitor
    Citations (0)
    Integrity of vascular endothelial structure and function keeps the cardiovascular system in steady state. Endothelial dysfunction and limited repair ability is thought to result in the development of many vascular diseases. Endothelial progenitor cells are precursors of vascular endothelial cell,which play an important role in maintaining endothelial steady state and promote the vascular repair. In recent years the researchers of endothelial progenitor cells found they are closely related to hypertension disease occurrence and development. The decrease in the number and function disorder could lead to an increased risk for hypertension disease. Hypertension is a damage to endothelial progenitor cells as an independent risk factor. Here is to make a review of the research progress of relationship between endothelia progenitor cell and hypertension.
    Endothelial progenitor cell
    Endothelial Dysfunction
    Progenitor
    Citations (0)
    Infusion of different hematopoietic stem cell populations and ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells augments neovascularization of tissue after ischemia and contributes to reendothelialization after endothelial injury, thereby, providing a novel therapeutic option. However, controversy exists with respect to the identification and the origin of endothelial progenitor cells. Overall, there is consensus that endothelial progenitor cells can derive from the bone marrow and that CD133/VEGFR2 cells represent a population with endothelial progenitor capacity. However, increasing evidence suggests that there are additional bone marrow-derived cell populations (eg, myeloid cells, “side population” cells, and mesenchymal cells) and non-bone marrow-derived cells, which also can give rise to endothelial cells. The characterization of the different progenitor cell populations and their functional properties are discussed. Mobilization and endothelial progenitor cell-mediated neovascularization is critically regulated. Stimulatory (eg, statins and exercise) or inhibitory factors (risk factors for coronary artery disease) modulate progenitor cell levels and, thereby, affect the vascular repair capacity. Moreover, recruitment and incorporation of endothelial progenitor cells requires a coordinated sequence of multistep adhesive and signaling events including adhesion and migration (eg, by integrins), chemoattraction (eg, by SDF-1/CXCR4), and finally the differentiation to endothelial cells. This review summarizes the mechanisms regulating endothelial progenitor cell-mediated neovascularization and reendothelialization.
    Endothelial progenitor cell
    Cardiovascular disease is associated with damage of the endothelial monolayer leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that circulating endothelial progenitor cells play an important role in endothelial cell regeneration. In this review we discuss the evolving role of stem- and progenitor cells in the maintenance of the vascular wall focusing on new pathophysiological concepts of endothelial cell regeneration. We discuss new insights into vascular stem cell biology derived from experimental and clinical studies.
    Endothelial progenitor cell
    Endothelial Dysfunction
    Progenitor
    Citations (65)
    The first description of endothelial progenitor cells in 1997 rapidly lead to substantial changes in our understanding of angiogenesis.In the subsequent 10 years researchers have investigated methods of inducing,isolating and culturing endothelial progenitor cells,as well as identification and differentiation,resulting in endothelial progenitor cells emerging as a promising candidate for treating ischemic heart disease.Studies have shown that the introduction of endothelial progenitor cells can restore tissue vascularization,as well as target tumor growth.This review examines the general features and functions of endothelial progenitor cells currently being investigated,and includes some perspectives on the future of endothelial progenitor cell therapy.
    Progenitor
    Endothelial progenitor cell
    Vasculogenesis
    Citations (0)