Two types of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients receiving long term therapy by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Frédéric DeschaseauxZohair SelmaniPierre‐Emmanuel FalcozNursen MersinNicolas MéneveauA. PenfornisC. KleinclaussSidney ChocronJoseph-Philippe EtieventPierre TiberghienJean‐Pierre KantelipSiamak Davani
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Vasculogenesis
Endothelial progenitor cell
CD31
Progenitor
There are some differences between clinical features of central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) and peripheral giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) despite their same microscopic features. The possible role of angiogenesis in this issue is still a matter of debate.The aim of the present study was to compare microvessel density (MVD) between CGCGs and PGCGs of the oral cavity using CD31 and CD34.Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 18 PGCGs and 19 CGCGs using a monoclonal antibody against CD34 and CD31. MVD was assessed and compared between the lesions using t-test for statistical analysis. p< 0.05 was considered significant.The expression levels of both CD34 and CD31 were significantly higher in CGCGs compared to PGCGs (p< 0.002 and p< 0.001, respectively). Significant differences in MVD assessed by both markers were observed between males and females in PGCGs (p< 0.05), but not CGCGs (p< 0.2).The combined evaluation of old- and newly-formed vessels by pan-endothelial cell markers showed differences between CGCGs and PGCGs, supporting the possible vascular-proliferative nature of the former. Whether this difference has a part in their diverse biologic behaviors and the role which pre-existent vessels play in comparison to neo-formed vasculature, requires further investigation.
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مطالعه تاثیر بیوزنی بر سلول های پیش‌ساز اندوتلیال، هم در فهم تغییرات قلبی در فضانوردان، و هم در استفاده از بیوزنی به عنوان محرکی برای رگزایی به منظور سلول‌درمانی بیماری‌های قلبی موثر است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر بیوزنی بر مارکر رگزایی VEGFR- 2 و CD34 بود. پس از استخراج سلول‌های پیش‌ساز از خون محیطی و تایید آن، بیان ژن‌ها با روش real-time PCR و زنده‌مانی سلول‌ها با روش MTT بررسی شد. سلول‌های استخراج شده از لحاظ شکل و شاخص‌های سطحی CD31و CD144 پیش‌ساز اندوتلیال بودند. بیوزنی منجر به افزایش 5/3 برابری ژن VEGFR- 2 پس از 24 ساعت شد. بیان CD34 50٪ پس از 3 ساعت افزایش یافت اما پس از 24 ساعت به سطح کنترل رسید. به نظر می‌رسد بیوزنی تاثیر مثبت بر بیان مارکرهای رگزایی و تحریک سلول‌های پیش‌ساز اندوتلیال دارد و ممکن است بتوان از آن به عنوان محیطی جدید برای تمایز این سلول‌ها به عروق خونی و سلول درمانی بیماری‌های قلبی استفاده کرد.
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To evaluate the tumor angiogenesis in lung peripheral VX2 tumor model by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to determine the correlation between CEUS parameters and microvessel density (MVD) calculated via CD31 and CD34 expression.VX2 pulmonary tumors were created in eight Japanese white rabbits by implanting a VX2 sarcoma into the lower portion of the right lung through ultrasound guidance. Tumors were allowed to grow for 14-21 days to achieve a diameter of 7-15 mm, and were examined by CEUS using a SonoVue contrast agent. The results were recorded as digital video images, and the time-intensity curves and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed. Pathological tumor specimens were immediately obtained after the ultrasound examinations. Tumor specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and expressed as CD31 and CD34. The different endothelial cell markers were determined by immunohistochemical staining. MVD was calculated via CD 31 and CD34, and the relationship between CEUS parameters and MVD was analyzed.Two distinct types of microvessels were identified in lung peripheral VX2 tumors: differentiated (CD34+) and undifferentiated (CD31+) vessels. A significant correlation was found between CEUS parameters and undifferentiated MVD (CD31+ vessels) in lung peripheral VX2 tumors (p<0.05). A reverse correlation was observed between different MVDs.Two different degrees of differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (CD31 and CD34) exist in the rabbit lung peripheral VX2 tumor model. CD31 MVD can more effectively evaluate tumor angiogenesis compared with CD34 MVD. CEUS, as a non-invasive imaging method, can effectively evaluate tumor angiogenesis in rabbit peripheral lung cancer.
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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Microvessel
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Vasculogenesis
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Angiogenesis (AG) is necessary for cancer progression. In some cases the intensity of AG may affect the prognosis. The aim of the study was to compare the results of vessel density assessment using the stereological method and immunohistochemical reactions for three endothelial markers: CD31, CD34 and vWf. The material consisted of 40 gastric carcinoma cases. The specimens were processed and the immunohistochemical reactions performed routinely. To assess the microvascular density the stereological parameter of "length density" and the "hot spots" method were employed. Image acquisition and the measurements were done using the image analysis system AnalySIS 3.0 pro with custom-made applications. It was observed that CD34-stained preparations were the easiest to assess. The number of labeled vessels, and especially microvessels, was also the highest in the case of the above reaction. The results achieved in AG evaluation using various endothelial markers are not directly comparable. The vascular network density was significantly associated with tumor stage. Such an association was most clearly seen in CD34 reactions.
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Microvessel
Vascular network
Gastric carcinoma
Computer image
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Abstract Background. Few studies approached the process of blood vessels formation in the Schneiderian membrane. We aimed at investigating by immunohistochemistry the processes that are responsible for forming new blood vessels in the human Schneiderian membrane. Material and methods. We applied CD31 and CD34 markers on bioptic samples gathered from eight adult patients negative for malignant pathologies. Filopodia-projecting endothelial tip cells (ETCs) were found and indicated processes of sprouting angiogenesis. Also, CD31-expressing monocyte-derived cells were found being involved in processes of vasculogenesis. These cells were projecting filopodia, thus being assessed as endothelial progenitor tip cells (EpTCs). Aggregates of CD31+ EpTCs were also analyzed. Further stages of lumen acquisition and large diameter vessels formation, specific for vasculogenesis, were evaluated. Results. It resulted that, specifically within the maxillary sinus mucosa, vascular remodelling is equally ensured by adult vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis. Conclusion. This is, to our knowledge, the first evidence of adult vasculogenesis in the maxillary sinus mucosa, supported by bona fide bone marrow-derived CD31+ cells. The guidance mechanism of EpTCs protrusions needs further investigations for finding similarities, or dissimilarities, with the endothelial tip cells prolongations.
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Filopodia
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To investigate the variable expressions of CD31, CD34, vWF during the vascular development process of growing granulation tissue of eyelid chalazion.The samples of growing granulation tissue were obtained during chalazion removal surgery. Immunohistochemistry staining technique was used to detect the expression of CD31, CD34 and vWF in vascular endothelial cells.CD31 and CD34 were expressed in all vascular endothelial cells, whereas the CD34 was more effectively expressed and strengthened in the capillary sprouts. The vWF was not expressed in capillary sprouts, but the expression was stronger in the tissues from superficial to deeper layers.CD31, CD34 and vWF expression in microvascular endothelial cells of growing granulation tissue is diversified. CD34 may be an import marker for active angiogenesis and vWF is an effective marker for inactive angiogenesis.
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Granulation tissue
Chalazion (fungus)
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Objective To evaluate the differences among three most commonly used endothelial markers for microvessel density(MVD),factor Ⅷ-related antigen(FⅧ-RAg),CD31,CD34 in lung cancer,and the relation of MVD to the survival.Methods The study consisted of 53 patients with lung carcinoma surgery.Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections was performed with FⅧ-RAg,anti-CD31 antibody and anti-CD34 antibody to study MVD.Results The positive rates of FⅧ-RAg,CD31 and CD34 were all 100%. And their average counts of MVD were ( 20.41± 9.62),( 21.84± 13.24) and ( 21.96± 11.67)pieces/HP.MVD shown by FⅧ-RAg,CD31 and CD34 had no significant differences(P 0.05).The survival rate of patiants with high MVD was lower than that of patiants with low MVD(P 0.05,P 0.001,P 0.0001).Conclusion CD34 is a suitable marker for the immunohistochemical visualization of MVD in lung cancer.MVD is a good prognostic factor for patients with lung cancer.
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近年, 血管内皮前駆細胞が成体の末梢血中にも存在し重症虚血部位の血管形成に関与することが報告され,“既存血管内皮細胞の再形成”(Angiogenesis) のみではなく,“血管内皮前駆細胞からの発生”(Vasculogenesis) のメカニズムでも血管形成が営まれる事が明らかになった. 血管内皮前駆細胞が心筋や下肢の虚血などにおける病理学的血管形成に関与する事が動物モデルを使った実験で明らかになりその臨床応用が注目されているが, 治療に有効な細胞数を自己末梢血のみから得るのは困難であり, 遺伝子治療と細胞治療の組み合わせが考えられている. 中でも血管内皮成長因子 (VEGF) やテロメラーゼ逆転写酵素 (TERT) の遺伝子導入により, 従来の細胞単独の場合よりも少量で効果が得られることが前臨床研究で明らかになった. トランスレーショナル研究が注目される中, 血管内皮前駆細胞の再生医療への応用について述べる.
Vasculogenesis
Regenerative Medicine
Endothelial progenitor cell
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