Single-Switch High Step-Up DC–DC Converter With Low and Steady Switch Voltage Stress
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In this paper, a new high voltage gain step-up dc-dc converter is proposed for interfacing renewable power generation. The configuration optimally integrates both the coupled-inductor and switched-capacitor techniques to achieve an ultra-high step-up gain of voltage conversion with low voltage stress and high efficiency. It consists of a voltage boost unit, a passive clamp circuit, and a symmetrical voltage multiplier network. The structure becomes modular and extendable without adding any extra winding for ultra-high step-up voltage gain. The proposed topology not only reduces the voltage stress on the main switch but also maintains it steady for the entire duty cycle range. Furthermore, the reverse recovery issue of the diodes is alleviated through the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor. The operation principle and steady-state analysis are presented in detail. Experimental evaluation validates the claimed advantages and demonstrates a well-distributed efficiency curve and the peak of 96.70%.Keywords:
Voltage multiplier
High Voltage
Duty cycle
Leakage inductance
Voltage spike
Clamper
High frequency linked ac/ac converters are important in harnessing energy from renewable energy sources and connecting them to the high voltage ac grid. Theoretically, these converters provide single stage power conversion and obviates the need for any storage elements. Any switching transition in the load side converter causes overvoltages due to the presence of non-ideal leakage inductances in the windings of the high frequency transformer. A clamp circuit is needed for commutation of this leakage energy and to protect the power electronic devices. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the power loss incurred in the clamp circuit along with a method to design the clamp components. The entire circuit has been simulated along with non-ideal leakage inductance and the presented simulation results confirm the analytical predictions.
Leakage inductance
Clamper
Commutation
Commutation cell
Leakage (economics)
Voltage spike
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Four main types of isolated interleaved structures are discussed in this paper. Then, a series of Boost or Buck type converters are derived from the conventional interleaved Flyback converter by employing winding-cross-coupled inductors (WCCIs) and interleaved structure. Furthermore, a ZVT interleaved Flyback-Boost converter with WCCIs, active clamp circuit and primary-parallel-secondary-series (PPSS) structure is analyzed as an example to explore the circuit performance. ZVT performance is realized for both the main and the clamp switches during the whole switching transition. Only one set of active clamp circuit is necessary to recycle the leakage energy and to suppress the turn-off voltage spikes. The output diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated by the leakage inductance. A prototype with 40V-to-760V rated at 1kW has been built to verify the effectiveness of the converters.
Leakage inductance
Clamper
Flyback diode
Voltage spike
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A nonisolated bidirectional dc-dc converter with high voltage gain, low voltage stress, low component count, and soft-switching features is presented in this paper. In this topology, coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cells are merged to achieve high step-up/down voltage gain. Also, due to using active clamp circuits, the voltage stress of power switches is relatively low. Thus, the low voltage switches with low on-resistance can be employed to reduce the conduction losses. Furthermore, zero-voltage switching is accomplished in both high step-up and high step-down modes for all power switches, and due to zero-current switching operation of all antiparallel diodes, the reverse recovery losses are reduced. In order to verify the theoretical analysis and the converter performance, a 200 W prototype circuit of the proposed converter is implemented in the laboratory.
Voltage multiplier
Clamper
High Voltage
Voltage spike
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This paper presents a new type of non-isolated single-switch step-up DC/DC converter with continuous input current, low voltage stress, and soft-switching performance, and modular scalability. To achieve an ultra-high voltage gain without a large duty cycle, a Three-Winding Coupled-Inductor (TWCI) along with a unit of Voltage Multiplier Cell (VMC) and Voltage Multiplier Rectifier (VMR) are employed. The energy stored in the leakage inductor is recycled by a regenerative clamp capacitor, limiting the maximum voltage stress across the single power switch. Besides, Zero Current Switching (ZCS) at the turn-on time of the power switch is achieved, and by applying a Quasi-Resonance (QR) operation, the switch turn-off current is also reduced significantly. With the help of the leakage inductor of the TWCI, all diodes can operate under the ZCS condition, which eliminates the reverse recovery losses in the proposed converter. Therefore, the introduced circuit can provide an ultra-high voltage gain under high efficiency. Steady-state analysis, comprehensive comparisons with other related converters, and design considerations are discussed. Finally, a 160 W sample prototype with 200 V output voltage is implemented to justify the theoretical analysis's correctness.
Voltage multiplier
Voltage spike
Clamper
Voltage doubler
High Voltage
Duty cycle
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An interleaved basic cell with winding-cross-coupled inductors(WCCIs) was proposed.Then,a family of interleaved DC/DC converters was deduced from the basic cell for high current,high step-up or step-down applications.The active clamp scheme was employed to handle the leakage energy and suppress the voltage spikes on the MOSFETs,which was caused by the leakage inductance of the WCCIs.ZVT soft switching performance was realized for both the main and the clamp switches during the whole switching transition.The output diode reverse-recovery problem was alleviated by the leakage inductance of the WCCIs.By employing the clamp capacitor shift rule,a series of interleaved DC/DC converters with WCCIs and active clamp circuits were summarized.At last,an interleaved ZVT Boost converter with WCCIs and active clamp circuits operating with 40 V-input/380 V-output was tested as an example to verify the effectiveness of the converters.
Leakage inductance
Clamper
Voltage spike
Leakage (economics)
Clamp
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This paper considers about ignored factors by past research work such as effects of forward and reverse recovery characteristics of the clamping diode and the leakage inductance Lsof the secondary side on RCD parameter design. The influence of the diode forward recovery on voltage spike of the power switch and reverse recovery on RCD clamp circuit power loss and parameter design is analyzed. Detailed analysis is given to reveal that the leakage inductance of the secondary increases the energy absorbed by the RCD clamp circuit as well as the primary leakage inductance. Meanwhile, a revised RCD parameter design method is proposed based on the existing design method, by taking consideration of forward recovery and reverse recovery characteristics of the clamping diode and the secondary leakage inductance Ls. Both simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed design method.
Leakage inductance
Clamper
Clamp
Leakage (economics)
Voltage spike
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Voltage multiplier is used in radio frequency (RF) energy harvester to increase very low AC input voltage scavenged from RF energy to a higher DC output voltage. A single stage voltage multiplier can be cascaded into multiple stages using Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier and Dickson charge pump topologies to further increase the output voltage. The simulation is done using Advance Design System (ADS) software for both topologies from two to nine stages of voltage multiplier to measure and verify the input and output voltage and current from the circuits. The input frequency used for this work is 1800 MHz and components are non-polarized capacitor and Schottky diodes, HSMS286B. The values of voltage and current are used to calculate power and efficiency of the circuit. Finally, the optimized stage of voltage multiplier circuit stages is found at three stages, leading to maximum output power generated at load.
Voltage multiplier
Voltage doubler
Overdrive voltage
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In this paper, a single phase high step-up converter with coupled inductor multiplier is presented. By using the coupled inductor multiplier, the voltage gain of the converter is extended and the voltage stress of the switches is reduced. Therefore, the switch conduction losses can be minimized by employing low voltage-rated power devices. Meanwhile, the active-clamp circuit is introduced here to depress the main switch turn-off voltage spikes and recycle the leakage inductance energy. More importantly, both the main and clamp switches work in zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition, which reduces the switching losses effectively. Last but not the least, the reverse-recovery problem of the output diode is alleviated due to the leakage inductance of coupled inductor. Finally, the experimental results from a 500W 48V–760V prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Voltage multiplier
Leakage inductance
Clamper
Voltage spike
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As the power switches of traditional PFC(Power Factor Correction) converter working in hard-switching mode has high voltage stress,combined with the techniques of phase-shifted full-bridge and active-clamping,a PFC converter based on traditional Boost circuit is proposed,which realizes the power factor correction and DC/DC conversion by single stage circuit.By the active-clamping circuit parallel to the bridge and suitable control strategy,the voltage spike induced during the commutation by the leakage inductance of transformer can be greatly absorbed and the voltage stress of power switches is reduced.Both the bridge switch and clamping switch realize the ZVS(Zero-Voltage-Switching) by making use of the resonance between the leakage inductance of transformer and the parasitic capacitance of switch.The conditions of ZVS operation are obtained by analyzing the working principle of converter.Experimental results verify that the proposed converter realizes near unity power factor,low switch voltage stress and ZVS.
Leakage inductance
Voltage spike
Clamper
Commutation
Parasitic capacitance
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