Performance analysis of single phase high step-up converter with coupled inductor multiplier
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In this paper, a single phase high step-up converter with coupled inductor multiplier is presented. By using the coupled inductor multiplier, the voltage gain of the converter is extended and the voltage stress of the switches is reduced. Therefore, the switch conduction losses can be minimized by employing low voltage-rated power devices. Meanwhile, the active-clamp circuit is introduced here to depress the main switch turn-off voltage spikes and recycle the leakage inductance energy. More importantly, both the main and clamp switches work in zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition, which reduces the switching losses effectively. Last but not the least, the reverse-recovery problem of the output diode is alleviated due to the leakage inductance of coupled inductor. Finally, the experimental results from a 500W 48V–760V prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.Keywords:
Voltage multiplier
Leakage inductance
Clamper
Voltage spike
High frequency linked ac/ac converters are important in harnessing energy from renewable energy sources and connecting them to the high voltage ac grid. Theoretically, these converters provide single stage power conversion and obviates the need for any storage elements. Any switching transition in the load side converter causes overvoltages due to the presence of non-ideal leakage inductances in the windings of the high frequency transformer. A clamp circuit is needed for commutation of this leakage energy and to protect the power electronic devices. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the power loss incurred in the clamp circuit along with a method to design the clamp components. The entire circuit has been simulated along with non-ideal leakage inductance and the presented simulation results confirm the analytical predictions.
Leakage inductance
Clamper
Commutation
Commutation cell
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Voltage spike
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Four main types of isolated interleaved structures are discussed in this paper. Then, a series of Boost or Buck type converters are derived from the conventional interleaved Flyback converter by employing winding-cross-coupled inductors (WCCIs) and interleaved structure. Furthermore, a ZVT interleaved Flyback-Boost converter with WCCIs, active clamp circuit and primary-parallel-secondary-series (PPSS) structure is analyzed as an example to explore the circuit performance. ZVT performance is realized for both the main and the clamp switches during the whole switching transition. Only one set of active clamp circuit is necessary to recycle the leakage energy and to suppress the turn-off voltage spikes. The output diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated by the leakage inductance. A prototype with 40V-to-760V rated at 1kW has been built to verify the effectiveness of the converters.
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Clamper
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This paper presents a new type of non-isolated single-switch step-up DC/DC converter with continuous input current, low voltage stress, and soft-switching performance, and modular scalability. To achieve an ultra-high voltage gain without a large duty cycle, a Three-Winding Coupled-Inductor (TWCI) along with a unit of Voltage Multiplier Cell (VMC) and Voltage Multiplier Rectifier (VMR) are employed. The energy stored in the leakage inductor is recycled by a regenerative clamp capacitor, limiting the maximum voltage stress across the single power switch. Besides, Zero Current Switching (ZCS) at the turn-on time of the power switch is achieved, and by applying a Quasi-Resonance (QR) operation, the switch turn-off current is also reduced significantly. With the help of the leakage inductor of the TWCI, all diodes can operate under the ZCS condition, which eliminates the reverse recovery losses in the proposed converter. Therefore, the introduced circuit can provide an ultra-high voltage gain under high efficiency. Steady-state analysis, comprehensive comparisons with other related converters, and design considerations are discussed. Finally, a 160 W sample prototype with 200 V output voltage is implemented to justify the theoretical analysis's correctness.
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Clamper
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An interleaved basic cell with winding-cross-coupled inductors(WCCIs) was proposed.Then,a family of interleaved DC/DC converters was deduced from the basic cell for high current,high step-up or step-down applications.The active clamp scheme was employed to handle the leakage energy and suppress the voltage spikes on the MOSFETs,which was caused by the leakage inductance of the WCCIs.ZVT soft switching performance was realized for both the main and the clamp switches during the whole switching transition.The output diode reverse-recovery problem was alleviated by the leakage inductance of the WCCIs.By employing the clamp capacitor shift rule,a series of interleaved DC/DC converters with WCCIs and active clamp circuits were summarized.At last,an interleaved ZVT Boost converter with WCCIs and active clamp circuits operating with 40 V-input/380 V-output was tested as an example to verify the effectiveness of the converters.
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Clamper
Voltage spike
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This paper considers about ignored factors by past research work such as effects of forward and reverse recovery characteristics of the clamping diode and the leakage inductance Lsof the secondary side on RCD parameter design. The influence of the diode forward recovery on voltage spike of the power switch and reverse recovery on RCD clamp circuit power loss and parameter design is analyzed. Detailed analysis is given to reveal that the leakage inductance of the secondary increases the energy absorbed by the RCD clamp circuit as well as the primary leakage inductance. Meanwhile, a revised RCD parameter design method is proposed based on the existing design method, by taking consideration of forward recovery and reverse recovery characteristics of the clamping diode and the secondary leakage inductance Ls. Both simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed design method.
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A Coupled-Inductor-Boost high voltage gain converter with a nondissipative LC snubber was presented. By utilizing a snubber circuit composed of capacitor,inductor and diode,leakage inductance energy was recycled and voltage spike stress of the power switch was suppressed. Compared with active clamp circuit or lossless snubber circuit,the proposed converter maintains the characteristics of continuous input current and therefore makes it easy to design electromagnetic interference( EMI) filter. Meanwhile,the converter with single power switch and high voltage gain,has appropriate candidate for photovoltaic,fuel cells and other renewable energy system application. Steady state analysis of the converter and operating characteristics was developed. Finally,experimental results from a 100 W 45V /200 V prototype were presented to verify the analysis of the proposed converter.
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A zero voltage switching (ZVS) isolated Sepic converter with active clamp topology is presented. The buck-boost type of active clamp is connected in parallel with the primary side of the transformer to absorb all the energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance and to limit the peak voltage on the switching device. During the transition interval between the main and auxiliary switches, the resonance based on the output capacitor of switch and the transformer leakage inductor can achieve ZVS for both switches. The operational principle, steady state analysis and design consideration of the proposed converter are presented. Finally, the proposed converter is verified by the experimental results based on an 180 W prototype circuit.
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This paper proposes an improved boost converter with coupled inductors and buck-boost type of active-clamp feature, PWM control and zero-voltage switching in both main and auxiliary switches. In the converter, the active-clamp circuit is used to eliminate voltage spike induced from the leakage inductor of the coupled inductors. The active switch of the converter can still sustain a proper duty cycle when it operates with a high step-up voltage ratio, reducing voltage stress significantly. A set of passive-clamping circuit is adopted to eliminate undesired resonance between leakage inductor of the coupled inductors and stray capacitor of the boost diode, recovering trapped energy. Thus, conversion efficiency can be improved significantly. A 200 W prototype of the proposed boost converter was built from which experimental results have shown that efficiency can reach as high as 92% and surge can be suppressed effectively.
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This paper presents a high-efficiency and high-step-up nonisolated interleaved dc-dc converter with a common active-clamp circuit. In the presented converter, the coupled-inductor boost converters are interleaved. A boost converter is used to clamp the voltage stresses of all the switches in the interleaved converters, caused by the leakage inductances present in the practical coupled inductors, to a low voltage level. The leakage energies of the interleaved converters are collected in a clamp capacitor and recycled to the output by the clamp boost converter. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the recycling of the leakage energies, reduction of the switch voltage stress, mitigation of the output diode's reverse recovery problem, and interleaving of the converters. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed, and its experimental results are presented for validation.
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This paper proposes a boost converter with coupled inductors and a buck-boost type of active clamp. In the converter, the active-clamp circuit is used to eliminate the voltage spike that is induced by the trapped energy in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductors. The active switch in the converter can still sustain a proper duty ratio even under high step-up applications, reducing voltage and current stresses significantly. Moreover, since both main and auxiliary switches can be turned on with zero-voltage switching, switching loss can be reduced, and conversion efficiency therefore can be improved significantly. A 200 W prototype of the proposed boost converter was built, from which experiment results have shown that efficiency can reach as high as 92% and surge can be suppressed effectively. It is relatively feasible for low-input-voltage applications, such as fuel cell and battery power conversion.
Buck converter
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