Antimicrobial effects of photodynamic therapy with antiseptics on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on titanium surface
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Many researchers have advocated in recent times that antiseptic use in healing wounds should be discouraged. Antiseptics have been found to retard healing of wounds. Poloxamer 407 shows thermoreversible properties, which are of the utmost interest in optimizing drug formulation (fluid state at room temperature facilitating administration and gel state above sol-gel transition temperature, at body temperature, promoting prolonged release of pharmacological agents). Chlorhexidine, a commonly used antiseptic, is known to be less toxic on granulation cells. Acting as an antiseptic, it is an effective bactericidal agent against the most categories of microbes, including bacteria, yeast, and viruses. Objective of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activ- ity of chlorhexidine containing poloxamer gel to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. Chlorhexidine gels and chlorhexidine aqueous solutions have different antibacterial activity to S. amis, E.faecalis, E. coli and P. aemginosa strains in vitro. It depends on concentration and dosage form of antiseptic. Study results confirmed that antimicrobial activity of gel depends on active ingredient concentration in antiseptic. The best inhibition effect for both of reference and wild-type bacteria was obtained for 1% chlorhexidine gel. Summarizing the results and assessing the characteristics of the gel ingredients, it can be suggested using chlorhexidine gels in veterinary medicine.
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Effective antiseptic to reduce surgical site infections is a cornerstone of modern surgery. Chlorhexidine gluconate-based antiseptics are among the most effective of these products. Unfortunately, chlorhexidine solutions are toxic to the cornea and middle ear, and they pose a splash risk to both the patient and health care personnel.To examine the clinical evidence that led to the disavowal of chlorhexidine antiseptic solution for use on the face and head.Reference searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, and LexisNexis databases without restriction to the date of publication, language, or study setting.The literature revealed 11 sentinel cases of severe chlorhexidine-related keratitis in the late 1980s. These cases are reviewed together with data on ototoxicity and alternative products to understand why chlorhexidine solution should not be used on the face and scalp.Chlorhexidine antiseptic solutions are highly effective. However, they pose a risk to the middle ear and have the potential to irreversibly damage the cornea with a minimal splash exposure. Povidone-iodine is a safe and effective alternative.
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Introduction Chlorhexidine was developed in England during 1940's.It was marketed as a general antiseptic. In 1957 chlorhexidine was introduced for human use as an antiseptic for skin. Later it was widely used in medicine and surgery. Chlorhexidine is available in various forms such as diglucon
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the bactericidal efficacy of2% chlorhexidine surfactant solution + 70% alcohol and 2% chlorhexidine surfactant solution + 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol, and standardize skin antisepsis for blood collection from donor dogs. One hundred and twenty skin swabsof the jugular regions of 20 dogs were evaluated. Swabs were distributed into six treatment(T) groups according to the disinfectant used and removal or retention of local hair: T1involved neither antisepsisnorhair removal; T2comprised 2% chlorhexidine + 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcoholwithout hair removal;T3 comprised 2% chlorhexidine + 70% alcohol without hair removal; T4comprised hair removal but no antisepsis;T5comprised 2% chlorhexidine + 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol withhair removal; and T6comprised 2% chlorhexidine + 70% alcohol with hair removal. Antiseptic agents were continuously applied in a single direction for a total of 3 min. Use of antiseptics was effective with or without hair removal, resulting in the absence of bacterial growth. Complete efficacy of the technique used in this study may have been due to the increased antiseptic application time. In conclusion,the antisepsis protocols tested in this study can be safely used for the collection of blood from dogs; although,removal of hair prior to antisepsis is still recommended.
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Antiseptic scrub and paint can reduce bacterial colonization and postoperative wound infection. Two forms of antiseptics, povidone iodine and chlorhexidine, are commonly used in the operating theater.To study the efficacy of the reduction of bacterial colonization and surgical wound infection among these antiseptic.Five hundred surgical patients were randomly divided into two groups. Povidone Iodine and Chlorhexidine were used for skin preparation in group 1 and 2 respectively Bacterial colonization and postoperative wound infection were examined after skin preparation. Demographic data was analyzed by student's t test; the culture result and surgical wound infection were analyzed by Mantel-Haenszel method for relative risk and 95% CI.There was a significant reduction of bacterial colonization and wound infection after skin preparation in group 2 compared with group 1.Colonization of bacterial and postoperative surgical wound infection were significantly reduced in the chlorhexidine group. Chlorhexidine antiseptic should be the first consideration for preoperative skin preparation.
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Antiseptic are chemical substance that have the activity to eradicate microorganism or inhibit their activity, so that to prevent infection. One of the examples of antiseptic are chlorhexidine and alcohol. Chlorhexidine and alcohol have a similar mechanism, which is to disturb bacterial membrane resulting in lysis. The purpose of this research is to know whether there is a difference in antiseptic activity of chlorhexidine-alcohol combination with chlorhexidine or alcohol towards Gram positive and negative, and also weather there is a synergetic activity between those antiseptics. This research uses an experimental method, post-test only design, through disk diffusion test. The resulting data are inhibitory zone of alcohol, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine-alcohol combination for Staphylococcus aureus
and Escherichia coli. The mean inhibitory zone for chlorhexidine-alcohol (19.56 ± 0.88SD) with alcohol (0) and chlorhexidine (18 ± 0.71SD) for Staphylococcus aureus is significantly larger, with a p= 0.002 for chlorhexidine; meanwhile for Escherichia coli, mean inhibitory zone for chlorhexidine-alcohol 16.22 ± 0.83SD, chlorhexidine 17.22 ± 2.05 SD, and alcohol 13.22 ± 4.08SD. The difference in diameter is only significant for alcohol (p=0.019), but not for chlorhexidine (p=0.387). Conclusion can be made that antiseptic activity are synergetic to chlorhexidine-alcohol combination for Staphylococcus aureus, but not to Escherichia coli.
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The antimicrobial efficiency of a chlorhexidine containing emulsion which is used as gliding or antiseptic remedy is examined. The killer-time for germs within the suspension test as well as the testing in clinical use confirm the efficiency known from literature. The use of chlorhexidine containing emulsions serving as antiseptic gliding remedy is recommended.
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