Ballistic performance of Kevlar fabric impregnated with nanosilica/PEG shear thickening fluid
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Keywords:
Kevlar
Dilatant
Ballistic Impact
The observed decrease and subsequent increase of the travel time ratio of shear and compressional waves prior to the occurrence of earthquakes in the U.S.S.R. and in the U.S.A. is related to shear dilatancy of rocks around the focal area. Shear‐dilatancy is identified as an integral part of elastic and post‐elastic deformation of solid isotropic media; it is not, as is widely believed, the result of cracking, but the cause of crack initiation.
Dilatant
Shear waves
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In this study, shear thickening fluid (STF) filled with rigid nano silica particles was impregnated in plain woven Kevlar fabrics to improve the impact resistance performance. The nano silica particles with an average diameter of 100nm, 300nm, and 500nm were used to make shear thickening fluid to estimate the effect of particle size on the impact behavior of STF impregnated Kevlar fabrics. The yam pull-out and frictional tests were conducted to estimate the effect of impregnated STF on the frictional characteristics. The test results showed that the friction forces were dramatically increased at the STF onset shear strain rates that were measured in preliminary rheology tests. The low speed impact tests were performed using the drop test machine. The results showed that the impregnated STF improved the impact resistance performance of the Kevlar fabrics in terms of the impact energy absorption and the deformation. It has been shown through tests that the impregnated STF affects the interfacial friction which contributes to improve the energy absorption in the Kevlar fabrics. Especially, the impregnation of the STF with the smaller particle size into the Kevlar fabrics showed the better performance in impact energy absorption.
Kevlar
Dilatant
Impact resistance
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Kevlar
Ballistic limit
Ballistic Impact
Ballistics
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Investigations of the angled ballistic impact behavior on Carbon Kevlar® Hybrid fabrics with assorted volumes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into epoxy are presented. The ballistic impact behavior of the epoxy composites with/without CNTs is compared. Individual impact studies are conducted on the composite plate made-up of Carbon Kevlar Hybrid fabrics with diverse volumes of CNTs. The plate was fabricated with eight layers of equal thickness arranged in different percentages of CNTs. A conical steel projectile is considered for a high velocity impact. The projectile is placed very close to the plate, at the centre and impacted with sundry speeds. The variation of the kinetic energy, the increase in the internal energy of the laminate and the decrease in the velocity of the projectile with disparate angles are also studied. Based on the results, the percentage of CNTs for the ballistic impact of each angle is suggested. The solution is based on the target material properties at high ballistic impact resistance, the inclined impact and the CNT volumes. Using the ballistic limit velocity, contact duration at ballistic limit, surface thickness of target and the size of the damaged zone are predicted for fabric composites.
Kevlar
Ballistic limit
Ballistic Impact
Carbon fibers
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Abstract In the present work, two types of shear thickening fluids have been synthesized by using neat and aminosilane functionalized silica nanoparticles and their viscosity curves have been obtained by the rheometer. Based on the values of peak viscosity of synthesized shear thickening fluids, the surface functionalized nanosilica based shear thickening fluid has been chosen as a best candidate due to the high viscosity for impregnation into the neat Kevlar of different layers viz. four (04) and eight (08) layers for velocity impact study. The experimental investigations reveal high energy absorption of shear thickening fluid impregnated Kevlar as compared to the neat Kevlar. The maximum energy absorption 62 J is achieved corresponding to the initial velocity 154 m∙s −1 for 08 layers shear thickening fluid impregnated Kevlar specimen. The data have also been analytically determined and validated with the experimental data. The experimental data have good agreement with the analytical data within the accuracy of around 15 to 20%. The present findings can have significant inferences towards the fabrication of shear thickening fluids using nanomaterials for numerous applications such as soft armors, dampers, nanofinishing and so forth.
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Kevlar
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Abstract In defence industry, ballistic impact is common scenario occurs often. The materials used for making vests, automobile covering parts, aerospace parts affected due to impact of projectile. These materials should posses’ good impact strength and energy absorption for its damage resistance and providing safety for the industry. Usually Aramid fiber Kevlar used for its well-known impact strength [8]. Fiber alone creates expensive and usage the same under every condition subjected to less velocity impact can be diminished by Weaving Kevlar with Basalt. Thus, it is important to calculate its impact strength and energy absorption factor of reinforced composites. In this thesis, Kevlar is weaved with Basalt for its good resistance to impact and the ballistic impact test is carried out with structural steel projectile for studying its behaviour, impact strength and energy absorption. From the results, it is sufficient to conclude that usage of 2D woven Kevlar Basalt composite behaviour on the basis of woven pattern with impact of projectile.
Kevlar
Aramid
Ballistic Impact
Basalt fiber
Weaving
Woven fabric
Ballistic limit
Impact resistance
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Kevlar
Ballistic limit
Ballistic Impact
Titanium alloy
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Manufacturing process of the shear thickening fluid(STF) and evaluation of the ballistic penetration resistance performance of the Kevlar-STF composites were studied. STF was made from silica and ethylene glycol, and the Kevlar-STF composite was made by impregnating the STF into the Kevlar fabric. Specimens including neat Kevlar woven fabrics and Kevlar-STF composites with two types of silica were prepared and carried out the ballistic tests. From the results STFs represented shear thickening behavior irrespective of the silica type, and Kevlar-STF composite with spherical silica showed best ballistic penetration resistance performance among them. Especially the specimens of Kevlar-STF composites with spherical silica showed radial fiber deformation by the projectile during the tests, that was somewhat different deformation behavior from those of the neat Kevlar fabrics shown fiber pull-out phenomena or fracture.
Kevlar
Dilatant
Penetration (warfare)
Ballistic Impact
Woven fabric
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Abstract : Experimental and theoretical work on the transverse ballistic impact of Kevlar and nylon fabrics is presented in two parts. Part I is an experimental investigation into (a) the relation between the multi-layer and single layer impact; (b) the effect of fabric finishes; and (c) the effect of weave. A simple model of impact together with the experimental data showed that inter-layer effects are of second order. High friction finishes and bonding agents were found to be detrimental to the performance of Kevlar. Triaxial fabrics were found to be inferior to biaxial fabrics. Part II describes the development and applications of computer models of impact using both characteristics and finite element methods. (Author)
Kevlar
Ballistic Impact
Textile
Impact resistance
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Abstract The objective of this study is to develop an advanced stab and/or ballistic proof material composed of shear thickening fluid (STF) and Kevlar composite fabric. In this study, we prepared STF using sphere silica and fumed silica as silica particles and ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (PEG 200) as medium fluid, respectively. And the rheological properties of the STF were investigated under different conditions. Also, we impregnated Kevlar fabrics with the STF, and investigated the stab and ballistic resistances of the targets layered by the STF impregnated Kevlar fabrics. From the results, we observed that the STF significantly showed the reversible liquid–solid transition at a certain shear rate, and the STF treatment significantly improved the stab and ballistic resistance of Kevlar fabric. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Dilatant
Kevlar
Fumed silica
Stab
Suspension
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