Late Blink Reflex Abnormality in a Patient with Dysgeusia: A Case Report
0
Citation
9
Reference
10
Related Paper
Keywords:
Dysgeusia
Abnormality
Topics:
Jaw, blink and corneal reflexes, which all involve the trigeminal system, were recorded in 54 patients with multiple sclerosis; thirty-seven of these patients were classified as having definite multiple sclerosis and 17 as indefinite multiple sclerosis, according to Schumacher's criteria. The jaw reflex was abnormal less frequently than either of the other two reflexes, but in four cases it was the only abnormal reflex found. Testing a combination of two or three trigeminal reflexes did not yield a higher incidence of abnormalities than testing the blink or corneal reflex alone. Nine patients showed abnormal reflexes which were unexpected on the basis of clinical symptoms. The combined recordings demonstrate at least one abnormal reflex in 74% of the patients. The various types of reflex abnormalities reflect major damage to different parts of the trigeminal system and may therefore make an important contribution to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Jaw jerk reflex
Supraorbital nerve
Oculocardiac reflex
Trigeminal Nerve
Cite
Citations (26)
Jaw jerk reflex
Oculocardiac reflex
Trigeminal Nerve
Triceps reflex
Supraorbital nerve
Cite
Citations (102)
Objective:To explore the value of blink reflex(BR)and brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP)in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma(AN).Methods:Forty normal persons and 78 AN patients were examined with BR and BAEP respectively.Results:In 78 patients with AN the abnormality rate of BR was 97% and the abnormality rate of BAEP was 99% respectively,in which the abnormality rate of BR was 84% and the abnormality rate of BAEP was 95% respectively in 19 cases with small neuromas;in 59 cases with medum and large neuromas,BAEP of 44 cases disappeared.Conclusions:Subclinical lesions in brainstem,V and Ⅶ cranial nerves ware demonstrated by BR.The combined abnormality rate of BR and BAEP contvibates to the early diagnosis of AN.
Abnormality
Subclinical infection
Acoustic neuroma
Acoustic reflex
Neuroma
Cite
Citations (0)
The corneal reflex can be elicited in humans by electrical stimulation of the cornea. This method is harmless and allows precise quantification of the reflex response. In 18 patients with trigeminal lesions, the reflex was abolished or significantly altered on the diseased side in all cases. Measurement of the threshold is the most significant characteristic.
Supraorbital nerve
Cite
Citations (38)
The orbicularis oculi reflex was studied in nine cases with lateral medullary lesions. Diagnosis of the Wallenberg syndrome was made clinically in seven cases and at necropsy in another. The clinical features of one other case were closely allied to but not typical of this syndrome. An afferent delay of the late reflex on the side of the lesion in the presence of a normal early reflex was seen in all but two cases. In one of the latter, the late reflex was normal and in the other, a comatose patient, the late reflex was totally absent. It was concluded that the neurones of the first order responsible for the bilateral late reflex on unilateral stimulation terminate in the ipsilateral spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve without significant crossing over to the same structure on the other side. An afferent delay of the late reflex in the presence of a normal or nearly normal early reflex is consistent with a lateral medullary lesion implicating the spinal tract and nucleus. The Wallenberg syndrome is a common clinical entity showing this abnormality of the orbicularis oculi reflex.
Triceps reflex
Oculocardiac reflex
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Trigeminal Nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Cite
Citations (146)
Although dysgeusia is a common adverse event in chemotherapy patients; it has not been evaluated using objective methods, and its prevalence and frequency have not been quantified.Salt-impregnated taste strips were used to objectively assess dysgeusia in patients receiving chemotherapy at Akita University (n = 38) and those off chemotherapy (n = 9). Participant characteristics, and ongoing and previous chemotherapies were evaluated, and their associations with dysgeusia analyzed.Dysgeusia developed in 38.8% (14/38) of chemotherapy patients, and was most prevalent in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or its oral analogs (48.1%, 13/27). Particularly, dysgeusia developed in 55.6% (10/18) of patients receiving oral 5-FU analogs; however, prevalence in patients receiving and off chemotherapy was not significantly different. Patients aged ≥70 years also tended to experience dysgeusia (75.0%, 6/8).Association with dysgeusia may be higher for some chemotherapeutic drugs. Dysgeusia should be routinely assessed in chemotherapy patients with objective methods such as paper strips; interventions for its prevention may be required.
Dysgeusia
Taste disorder
Cite
Citations (44)
Electrophysiological assessment methods play a key role in the diagnosis of various neurological disorders. Electrophysiological evaluation of cranial reflexes is particularly valuable for neurologists. This article provides an overview of electrophysiological evaluation methods for cranial reflexes, which are most commonly used in clinical practice. They provide objective assessment of the functional integrity of nervous system structures that make up the cranial reflex arc, identify the level and, in some cases, the nature of disease, as well as pathophysiological mechanisms of central and peripheral nervous system disorders. We describe the instruments and main approaches to analysing the results for the standard blink reflex, blink reflex with prepulse inhibition, blink reflex with paired stimuli and recovery curve evaluation, reflex inhibition of the levator palpebrae superioris, jaw jerk reflex, and reflex inhibition (cutaneous silent period) of the masseter muscle.
Jaw jerk reflex
Cite
Citations (0)
Jaw jerk reflex
Abnormality
Stroke
Cite
Citations (0)
Trigeminal Nerve
Facial muscles
Cite
Citations (6)
A reflex contraction of the human orbicularis oculi muscles can be evoked by stimulation of either the supraorbital region (“blink reflex”) or the cornea (“corneal reflex”). We found that the latency of the corneal reflex was longer, and the duration was longer than the R2 component of the blink reflex. The absolute refractory period of the R2 component of the blink reflex was longer after supraorbital than after corneal conditioning stimulation. When the R2 component of the blink reflex was habituated by repetitive stimuli, stimulation of the cornea still evoked a reflex, but supraorbital stimulation produced only a depressed R2 response. These findings suggest that the two reflexes do not have identical neural connections.
Supraorbital nerve
Triceps reflex
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Cite
Citations (64)