A survey of basal insects (Microcoryphia and Zygentoma) from subterranean environments of Iran, with description of three new species
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Abstract:
A survey of wingless insects belonging to the orders Microcoryphia (=Archaeognatha) and Zygentoma (=Thysanura s. str.) has been performed in subterranean habitats of central Iran. As a result, several new species have been discovered. In this work, three new species are described: a new species of bristletail of the family Machilidae, Haslundiellairanicasp. n., a new silverfish of the family Lepismatidae, Ctenolepismasubterraneumsp. n., and a new Nicoletiidae, Lepidospora (Brinckina) momtazianasp. n. These new taxa are compared with related species in their respective genera and keys for their identification are provided: one for all known species of Haslundiella and one for all basal insects of subterranean environments of Iran which includes those previously reported. Moreover, the previously published keys of Iranian Ctenolepisma and the subgenus Brinckina are modified to include the new species. Three additional species of Lepismatidae are reported in this work: Neoasterolepìsma palmonii and Ctenolepismatargionii are newly recorded from Iran and both species, together with Acrotelsacollaris, are cited for the first time in the subterranean habitats. This survey progresses the knowledge on the biodiversity of these insects in Iran.Keywords:
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Sadonebria Ledoux & Roux, 2005 is one of the more diverse subgenera of the genus Nebria Latreille, 1802 in East Asia, and its taxonomy remains unrevised at the subgeneric and specific levels. In this paper, two new species of this subgenus are described from Japan. Nebria quinquelobata sp. n. is described from Mt. Myôkô and is externally similar to Nebria saeviens Bates, 1883, to which specimens of this new species previously had been assigned. Nebria yatsugatakensis sp. n. is described from the Yatsugatake Mountains and is externally similar to locally adjacent species that had been recognized as Nebria sadona Bates, 1883 and were recently revealed as separate species. Both new species are distinguished by morphological (the shape of the endophallus) and morphometric (geometric morphometrics of the pronotum and aedeagus) features. For N. yatsugatakensis, the morphology of all larval instars is described based on specimens reared from eggs laid by collected adults. These results, together with previous studies of the species-level taxonomy of Sadonebria and larval morphology of other Nebria subgenera, suggest (i) the utility of geometric morphometrics in species-level taxonomy; (ii) the importance of larval secondary setae in the subgeneric taxonomy of the genus Nebria; and (iii) the presence of further cryptic species in Sadonebria.
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Anderson, Edward F. (Whitman Coll., Walla Walla, Wash.) A revision of Ariocarpus (Cactaceae). III. Formal taxonomy of the subgenus Roseocactus. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(7): 724–732. Illus. 1963.—This is the first of 2 articles dealing with the formal taxonomy of Ariocarpus. The introduction contains sections on geographical distribution and habitat, policy of classification, and herbaria consulted. Acknowledgments are made to those who assisted in research or field studies. A description of the genus and a key to the subgenera and species is followed by a formal taxonomic treatment of the subgenus Roseocactus. This treatment includes a description, illustrations, a map of authenticated collection sites, citation of common names, a discussion of synonomy and types, and a list of specimens examined of each species and variety. The accepted species which are discussed are Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus and A. fissuratus. The latter species consists of 2 varieties, var. fissuratus and var. lloydii.
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The present paper was conceived originally as a straightforward, simple description of a new African taxon. It grew substantially as more research was conducted. It now consists of four parts. In Part I, we discuss the taxonomy of five species of Sciomyzini with a predominantly setulose anepisternum: Atrichomelina pubera, Ditaeniella grisescens, D. trivittata, Pherbellia pilosa, and Ph. shatalkini. In Parts II and III, we consider the three taxa initially included in the genus Ditaeniella sensu Rozkošný (1987) (D. grisescens, D. parallela, and D. patagonensis) and the taxon described herein, D. milleri sp. nov., analysing this group by use of both the classical morphological approach (Part II) as well as by analysis of molecular data from available DNA barcodes (Part III). In Part IV, we provide a key to the taxa of Sciomyzini worldwide that have a predominantly setulose anepisternum. We also provide a list of specimens examined, the data from which significantly supplement the information previously available regarding the distribution of several Palaearctic species.
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In this study, the karyomorphology of 20 Turkish Centaurea (subgenus Cyanus) taxa was examined. The number of chromosomes of 11 taxa belonging to the subgenus Cyanus was determined for the first time. As a result of the karyomorphological studies, the number of basic chromosomes was determined to be x = 8, 10, and 12 in annuals and x = 10 and 11 in perennials. The populations are tetraploid in the seven perennial taxa and polyploidy is not rare for this group. On the other hand, all annual taxa are diploid. Considering the asymmetry indices, we can conclude that most taxa have symmetrical karyotypes. The most common karyotype formulas are 40 metacentric chromosomes (m), 20m, and 16m + 4 submetacentric chromosomes, respectively. A satellite was detected in the majority of the taxa, but it was observed to be mainly localized on the short arm of the chromosome. Satellites are located mainly on the second chromosome.
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Corrections of and additions to previous Flora Malesiana precursors on Ficus are presented, including the publication of Ficus subsect. Sycomorus (Gasp.) C.C. Berg and subsect. Sycocarpus (Miq.) C.C. Berg.
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Heizmannia thelmae is formally transferred from subgenus Mattinglyia and assigned to subgenus Heizmannia. Rationale for this action is provided. New characters of the adults, female genitalia, and pupae are listed for separating the 2 subgenera of Heizmannia.
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Sabethes femandezyepezi is transferred to the genus Wyeomyia and designated as the type species of a new subgenus named Caenomyiella. The subgenus and species are described and contrasted with certain other nominal taxa in Wyeomyia. The larval and pupal exuviae of an undescribed species from Colombia contributed to the concept of the subgenus.
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The adults and male genitalia of two new species of Sabethes subgenus Peytonulus are described from Colombia. The male genitalia are illustrated and the species are distinguished from one another and other members of the subgenus.
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Indian species of Culicoides Latreille, subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas are revised. The Clavipalpis group sensu Wirth & Hubert is transferred to the subgenus Diphaomyia with revised diagnoses of the subgenus and species groups. One species, C. peculiaris has been removed from the subgenus Diphaomyia, the remaining species are freshly reviewed with description of a new one, Culicoides (Diphaomyia) soleamaculatus sp. n. A key to the Indian species of Diphaomyia is presented here.
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