Utility of the laminin immunohistochemical stain in distinguishing invasive from noninvasive urothelial carcinoma.
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To study the utility of the laminin immunostain in distinguishing invasive from noninvasive urothelial carcinoma (UC). The distinction is difficult but clinically significant as it can affect the decision to administer intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or can even lead to cystectomy.Representative sections of the transurethral resection of bladder tumor specimens from 25 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded invasive UCs and 25 cases of noninvasive UCs were selected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with laminin (Ventana, Oro Valley, AZ, USA). These cases were selected using a computer-assisted search of our laboratory information system (Cerner CoPath). Tissue from five paraffin-embedded tissue blocks containing unremarkable urothelial-lined bladder parenchyma was chosen as controls.All five control cases demonstrated crisp linear staining of the basement membrane underlying the unremarkable urothelium. Similar findings were also noted in the 25 cases of noninvasive UC. All 25 cases of the invasive UC demonstrated a complete absence of the staining around invasive and malignant urothelial cells. Laminin staining was also noted in both the muscularis mucosae and the detrusor muscle, although the pattern of staining in these areas was granular and was distinguishable from the crisp linear staining of the basement membrane.Laminin IHC staining can be useful in differentiating invasive from noninvasive UC.Keywords:
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Parenchyma
To study the utility of the laminin immunostain in distinguishing invasive from noninvasive urothelial carcinoma (UC). The distinction is difficult but clinically significant as it can affect the decision to administer intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or can even lead to cystectomy.Representative sections of the transurethral resection of bladder tumor specimens from 25 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded invasive UCs and 25 cases of noninvasive UCs were selected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with laminin (Ventana, Oro Valley, AZ, USA). These cases were selected using a computer-assisted search of our laboratory information system (Cerner CoPath). Tissue from five paraffin-embedded tissue blocks containing unremarkable urothelial-lined bladder parenchyma was chosen as controls.All five control cases demonstrated crisp linear staining of the basement membrane underlying the unremarkable urothelium. Similar findings were also noted in the 25 cases of noninvasive UC. All 25 cases of the invasive UC demonstrated a complete absence of the staining around invasive and malignant urothelial cells. Laminin staining was also noted in both the muscularis mucosae and the detrusor muscle, although the pattern of staining in these areas was granular and was distinguishable from the crisp linear staining of the basement membrane.Laminin IHC staining can be useful in differentiating invasive from noninvasive UC.
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Objective To explore the relationship between immunohistochemistry of LN,FN,p53 and TIMES in human brain glioma(BG). Methods Transmission electronic microscope(TEM) and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the morphological characteristics of micrangiums in BG and the expression of LN,FN,p53 in BG and intracranial metastatic tumors. Results 1.It was found that base laminas beneath endothelial cell with locally or extensively thickened were intact and continuous in BG.The increasing thickness of BM was consistent with the staining of LN and FN and related to p53 immunostaining.BM of p53-protein positive cases grew thicker than that of p53-protein negative ones.2.Micrangiums BM in all BG were positive for LN and FN.The more malignant the BG was,the stronger the LN and FN staining became and the thicker the blood vessel walls grew(P0.01,P0.05,respectively).Cytoplasms instead of nuclei of endothelial cells were also positive for LN and FN and there was no staining in glioma cells.There was no staining in BM or endothelial cells in intracranial metastatic tumors except cellular membranes of scattered glioma cells.Otherwise,the staining of FN in intracranial metastatic tumors was similar to that of FN in BG.3.21/45 cases showed positive for p53-protein.The positive staining of p53 was significantly correlated with the results of LN and FN immunostaining(P0.01).The difference of p53 immunostaining between intracranial metastatic tumors and high malignant glioma was not statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion One of the reasons that BMs in TIMES in BG thicken may be the over expression of LN and FN of brain micrangium endothelial cells.Also,the influence of p53 on TIMES is associated with the functional state of endothelial cells.Micrangiums endothelial cells may be play a role in regulating TIMES.
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Purpose . The histological diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a diagnostic challenge despite different methods. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) not only could confirm granulomatous tissue involvement but also can demonstrate MTB antigen immunolocalization. This study tries to clarify the details of immunohistochemical staining for MTB with pAbBCG. Materials/Methods . Twenty-three confirmed TB granulomatous tissue samples were studied by Ziehl-Neelsen and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with pAbBCG. Samples were selected from the archive of the Department of Pathology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Tehran, Iran. Results . IHC staining was positive in all samples, whereas Ziehl-Neelsen was positive in 9 cases out of 23 (39.1%). Tissue types used were pleural tissue, lymph nodes, and lung tissue. IHC showed positive coarse granular cytoplasmic and round, fragmented bacillary staining. In this study, epithelioid cells clearly showed more positive staining at the periphery of the granuloma rather than the center of granuloma. There is also positive staining in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages outside the granuloma. Conclusion . Considering the criteria of positive immunohistochemical staining of TB granulomatous reactions, this stain not only highlights the presence of mycobacterial antigens for tissue diagnosis, but also could morphologically localize its distribution in different cells.
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NKX3.1 is a reliable marker for identifying prostatic origin. While it is known to stain a number of other tissues, it has never been reported in a carcinoma of urothelial origin. We present the first case, to our knowledge, of a urothelial carcinoma with NKX3.1 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The lesion was centered on the right ureteral orifice in an 87-year-old male with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. We speculate on two potential explanations for the NKX3.1 staining. One possibility is that it arose from one of the previously described, rare NKX3.1-positive cells normally present throughout the ureter and bladder. Another possibility is based on the observation in mouse models that NKX3.1 expression increases in bladder urothelium in response to bladder outlet obstruction.
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Circulating autoantibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R-Ab) are detected in >70% of patients with primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Detection of PLA2R antigen in renal tissue, with immunohistochemistry (PLA2R IHC), strongly correlates with serum PLA2R-Ab, although it is more sensitive. As PLA2R IHC in literature has no univocal interpretation, we suggest reliable criteria for a standard approach for the assessment of immunostaining for differential diagnosis between primary and secondary MGN. We analyzed PLA2R IHC expression in 40 biopsies of patients with MGN and serum PLA2R-Ab titer at the time of biopsy. We carefully evaluated, at high magnification, the immunostaining pattern and distribution, regardless of intensity, in capillary loops, mesangium, and podocytes of all glomeruli.We defined, adopting this approach, positive stain when a granular pattern, coarse and/or fine, diffuse or focal, and global or segmental were observed. Negative stain was defined by mesangial staining, when there was a dirty pattern, or a peripheral staining of capillary loops with a smoky linear pattern. Podocytes showed homogenous cytoplasmatic stain both in positive and negative cases and in external negative controls. We found PLA2R IHC and serum PLA2R-Ab positivity in early-middle stage MGN compared with advanced stage more frequently. Correct stratification of patients with MGN needs PLA2R-Ab detection in serum and renal tissue. PLA2R IHC test, although a challenging stain, can be an easy diagnostic tool but requires reliable interpretation keys for a standard approach to the assessment of immunostaining.
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To determine the immunohistochemical expression of CK-19, cErbB2, galectin-3, and p53 in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). Materials and methods: In this study immunohistochemistry was performed on 23 papillary carcinomas (PCs) and 20 papillary microcarcinomas (PMCs). The extents of staining and intensity were scored semiquantitatively. Results: Of the PC cases 56.5% and of the PMC cases 15.0% were stained strongly by cErbB2. The extent of 2+ staining by galectin-3 was 47.8% in PC, whereas it was only 10.0% in PMC (P = 0.003). All PMC cases were stained by CK-19 and 21 cases of PC expressed positivity in varying extent of staining. No nuclear immunostaining was detected by p53 in PC and PMC. However, 65.2% of PC and 55.0% of PMC cases showed cytoplasmic reactivity. Conclusion: Both PC and PMC cases showed similar staining extent and intensity by CK-19. This may conclusively help in identifying the papillary carcinoma cases. The majority of PCs stained diffusely and strongly by galectin-3 and expressed strong reaction by cErbB2, which might suggest a relation with the size of the tumor as PMCs stained less diffusely and strongly. As no nuclear staining was detected by p53 in 43 papillary carcinomas, we support the idea that p53 expression is a late event in thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Distinguishing urothelial carcinoma (UC) from prostate carcinoma (PC) is important due to potential therapeutic and prognostic implications. However, this can be a diagnostic challenge when there is limited tissue and in poorly differentiated tumors. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of a dual immunohistochemical stain comprising p63 and P501S (prostein), applied sequentially on a single slide and visualized by double chromogen reaction, in differentiating these two cancers. Thus far, there have been no previous studies assessing the diagnostic utility of p63 and P501S combined together as a dual immunostain in distinguishing between these two cancers. p63/P501S dual-color sequential immunohistochemical staining was performed on archival material from 132 patients with high-grade UC and 23 patients with PC, and evaluated for p63 (brown nuclear) and P501S (red cytoplasmic) expression. Both the staining intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells were assessed. p63 was positive in 119/132 of UC and negative in PC. P501S was positive in 22/23 of PC and negative in UC. The p63+/P501S- immunoprofile had 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity for UC. The p63-/P501S+ immunoprofile had 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity for PC. Our results indicate that double sequential immunohistochemical staining with p63 and P501S is highly specific and can be a useful tool in distinguishing UC from PC especially when there is limited diagnostic tissue as it can be performed on a single slide.
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Immunohistochemical staining intensity for ganglioside GD1b was determined for 108 human neuroectodermal tumors. Most of the tissue elements that immunostained were tumor cells; only a few axons and occasional neurons reacted in some specimens. All pilocytic astrocytomas stained very positively, whereas none of the ependymomas and only 11% of primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 20% of glioblastomas, and 28% of anaplastic astrocytomas showed more than faint staining. A similar association between grade and immunostaining was seen in tumors containing an oligodendrogliomatous component, but reactivity was not as strong as in astrocytic tumors or primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Results of Cox regression showed significant associations between immunostaining intensity and survival for all cases taken together (P = 0.007); for the group consisting of astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas (P = 0.002); and for astrocytomas alone (P = 0.04). Results were also significant using a proportional hazards model controlling for patient age (all cases P = 0.005; astrocytomas only P = 0.02), but not when controlling for tumor grade. Our results indicate that immunohistochemical staining for GD1b is correlated with tumor grade and that it may be of prognostic utility in some primary human brain tumors, especially astrocytomas.
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Twenty-seven feline cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) were selected for this retrospective study. Samples were routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and toluidine blue, and tumors were classified as well-differentiated (19/27), atypical or poorly granulate (7/27), and pleomorphic (1/27). Immunohistochemistry to detect KIT protein was performed on all samples. The immunoreactivity was recorded by distribution within the tumor, cellular location, and intensity. Well-differentiated MCTs were predominantly characterized by diffuse cytoplasmic (8/19) and membranous stain (7/19); a diffuse distribution of KIT positive cells was displayed in most of these tumors as well (15/19). Atypical MCTs showed diffuse distribution of labeled cells (4/7), and diffuse cytoplasm immunostaining was seen most (5/7). The pleomorphic MCT showed diffuse cytoplasmic KIT stain, with moderate labeling intensity, typically displaying focal distribution in deeper areas of the neoplasm. According to the results, there was no correlation between the type of MCTs and KIT expression, although the use of feline KIT immunohistochemistry could be useful to assess the mast cell origin.
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Objective:To compare the diagnostic potential of HE staining, enzymatic histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in displaying lymphatic vessel of laryngeal carcinoma.Method：We recruited 3 patients who were pathologically diagnozed as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and were performed total laryngectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from April to December 2016. According to the improved Kawamoto's Film Method, frozen specimens of whole laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were made. Immunohistochemistry, using lymphatic endothelial cell specific marker D2-40, enzymatic histochemistry (5-nucleotidase) and HE staining were used to stain the frozen sections of laryngeal carcinoma. Then the staining results of lymphatic vessels in the specimens of laryngeal carcinoma were compared by the optical microscope. Result：The background of HE and D2-40 immunohistochemical staining were clear.5-Nase staining had a deeper background and more nonspecific staining. By immunohistochemistry,102（97.1%,102/105）blood vessels were identified, and 3(2.9%) were partly positive. While using 5-Nase,56（53,3%,56/105）blood vessels were identified. In 105 lumen structures that could not be clearly judged,95（90,5%）were positive by D2-40,while by 5-Nase staining,89（84.8%）were positive including a large number of glands.In addition, positive cells scattered in dots or clusters were observed in 5-Nase and D2-40 staining sections, but these cells or structures could not be identified by HE staining. Conclusion：D2-40 immunohistochemistry may have certain applied value in the study of lymphatic vessels associated with laryngeal carcinoma.
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