Phenolic Compounds Determined by LC-MS/MS and In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Brazilian Fruits in Two Edible Ripening Stages
Fabiana Della BettaPriscila NehringSiluana Katia Tischer SeraglioMayara SchulzAndressa Camargo ValeseHeitor DaguerLuciano Valdemiro GonzagaRoseane FettAna Carolina Oliveira Costa
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국내산 밤 일부 품종(단택, 대보, 석추, 옥광, 병고)의 기능성 성분 분석과 이들 물질들의 항산화력 및 밤 추출물이 대식세포 활성에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 국내산 밤 일부품종의 내피와 과육에서 coumarin, gallic acid 그리고 catechin이 HPLC에 의해 검출되었다. 밤 내피에 가장 풍부한 기능성 성분은 catechin이고 그 다음 gallic acid와 coumarin 순이었으나, 과육에서는 gallic acid만 검출되었다. 따라서 밤의 기능성 성분인 gallic acid와 catechin의 항산화력을 DPPH radical 소거작용과 SOD 유사활성을 통해 알아보았다. Gallic acid과 catechin을 6.0 mg/100 g 처리하였을 때 DPPH radical 소거작용이 각각 69.4%와 38.3%였으며, gallic acid의 DPPH radical 소거작용은 농도 의존적이었다. Gallic acid를 동일한 농도의 catechin과 비교하면 모든 농도구간에서 catechin보다 gallic acid가 높은 DPPH radical 소거활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 SOD 유사활성은 gallic acid보다 catechin이 높았다. 더하여 밤의 과육, 노란과육 및 흰과육 추출물들이 대식세포 활성에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 병고 흰과육 추출물은 현저하게 대식세포 활성을 증가시켰고, 병고, 단택, 대보 및 옥광의 노란과육 추출물 역시 아무것도 처리하지 않은 세포와 비교하여 현저히 대식세포를 활성화시켰다. 노란과육 추출물이 흰과육 추출물보다 더욱 더대식세포 활성을 증가시켰고, 5품종 중 병고가 대식세포 활성을 가장 증가시켰다.
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To establish a HPLC method for the determination of gallic acid and catechin in Rheum palametum and to study the changes of gallic acid and catechin content in R. palametum during processing.The contents of gallic acid and catechin were determined simultaneously by HPLC on the Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column at 30 degrees C with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.9 mL x min(-1) and the detecting wave-length was 277 nm.There were obvious differences in contents of gallic acid and catechin between the crude herbal material and other four kinds of processed products of R. palametum. Compared to crude herbal material, the contents of gallic acid increased evidently increased in the five processed pieces, up to 139. 3% in the processed piece of braising with liquor. The contents of catechin were similar to gallic acid in the pieces of vinegar and the liquor sauted, but nearly not founded in the braising with liquor and the charring products.The different processing methods have certain effect on the content of gallic acid and catechin in R. palametum.
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The antimicrobial effect of gallic acid and catechin on Escherichia coli cultures was investigated. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the absorbance of liquid culture media at 600 nm, by an agar-well diffusion method and by scoring colony forming units. Then, the OD600 and CFU/mL values decreased when the medium was supplemented with gallic. Besides, the CFU/mL values decreased continuously with the time of exposure to gallic acid in a range of 360 min. Likewise, the diameters of the growth inhibition zones around the wells increased gradually with the content of gallic acid or catechin. In summary, both polyphenols displayed growth inhibitory effects on the bacterium. Further, the antibacterial effects were dependent on dose, time of exposure and type of polyphenol. Gallic acid showed a higher anti-E. coli effect compared to catechin. Mixtures of subeffective doses of gallic acid and an effective dose of catechin produced growth inhibition halos similar to those produced by catechin alone.
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The objective of this research was to examine the phenolic compounds present of the native varieties of twenty rice varieties (Khaw-ta-haeng, Hom-mali, Luang-plang-hla, Kan-na, Luang-hom, Luang-teay, Kaw-mali, Luan-num-kam, Ta-chung, Kaw-ta-hang-hak, Luang-pra-tiw, Ko-klo 27, Kaw-hlang, Luang-klay-la, Kaw-oo-kas, Sam-Rung, Kaw-nga-chang, Luang-pra-kim, Sad-tee-boa and Luang-hol) in Pathum Thani Province. Results showed that Kaw-oo-kas had the highest phenolic compound content (2.90 µg gallic acid/1mL sample) and Hom-mali had higher antioxidant activity (33.06 µg Trolox/1mL sample) than that other rice. The phenolic content of Ta-chung had the lowest (2.43 µg gallic acid /1 mL sample) while, Kaw-oo-kas had the lowest antioxidant capacity (14.55 µg Trolox/1mL sample). However, Hom-mali had the high phenolic content (2.84 µg gallic acid /1 mL sample) and antioxidant a capacity (33.06 µg Trolox/1mL sample)
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Comprehensive research is required to achieve the optimization of the antioxidant protection through baby foods, in particular, the commercially available fruit-based baby foods. This study investigated the physicochemical properties, ascorbic acid (AA), total carotenoids (TC), total phenolic content (TPC), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of 23 different commercially available fruit-based baby foods. The main contribution to the total antioxidant capacity (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity) was provided by ascorbic acid, followed by phenolic compounds, in accordance with a mathematical equation obtained from the data: TEAC = 245.906 + 7.727 × (AA) + 1.988 × (TPC) − 0.008 × (TC) and ORAC = 318.662 + 2.775 × (AA) − 0.531 × (TPC) − 0.073 × (TC). Moreover, a positive correlation ( r = 0.346, p < 0.05) was found for oxygen radical absorbance capacity and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity methods. Baby foods with different kind of fruits used as ingredients showed higher antioxidant capacity. Among the commercial baby foods analysed in this work, that treated by gentle steam cooking process had high levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity.
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Objective: To establish an RP- HPLC method for simultaneous determination of three monomers( gallic acid,catechin,epicatechin) in extracts of grape seeds. Methods: Chromatographic separation was performed on the Agilent zobax SB- C18column( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile( A) – water( 1% methanol + 0. 15% TFA)( B) with the gradient elution( 0- 10 min,0% A →7% A; 10- 30 min,7% A →16% A;30- 40 min,16% A→90% A; 40- 50 min,90% A; 50- 55 min,90% A→0% A; 55- 65 min,0% A),at the flow rate of 1. 0 m L·min- 1. The detective wavelength was set at 280 nm,the column temperature was maintained at 40℃ and the injection volume was 20 μL. Results: The linear ranges were 1. 0- 54. 0 μg·m L- 1( r =0. 999 8) for gallic acid,2. 7- 136. 0 μg·m L- 1( r =0. 999 8) for catechin and 2. 7-136. 0 μg·m L- 1( r =0. 999 9) for epicatechin. The average recoveries( n = 6) of the three monomers were 100. 3%,99. 15% and 100. 3%. The contents of gallic acid,catechin and epicatechin in three lots of GSE samples were respectively 0. 69%,0. 69%,0. 68%; 3. 15%,3. 12%,3. 16%; and 2. 48%,2. 44%,2. 42%. Conclusion: Through method validation,the developed HPLC method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of gallic acid,catechin and epicatechin in extracts of grape seeds.
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Objective: To investigate the total reducing antioxidant capacity of fivebrands of Ya-hom preparations using FRAP method. Methods: Aqueous extracts of five Thai herbal aromatic powder (Ya-hom) preparations were tested for the total phenolic compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was examined using FRAP assay. FRAP values were expressed as micromolar of Fe(II)/g of dry powder. The total reducing capacity was compared to two standard reducing agents, ascorbic acid and a synthetic water soluble vitamin E (Trolox). Results: The total phenolic compounds of each preparation resulted in moderate to high levels of gallic acid equivalent values varying from 17.6 4.3 to 50.8 10.9 mg/g dry powder. The FRAP values were found to range from 2040 140 to 7110 136 micromolar/g dry powder. The ascorbic acid equivalent ranged from 123 16 to 401 82 micromol/g dry powder and Trolox equivalent values varied from 100 5 to 353 69 micromol/g dry powder. Conclusion: This study suggests that the selected Ya-hom preparations contain high amounts of total phenolic compounds and high FRAP values. The high FRAP values may return a potential benefit as a natural antioxidant. Keywords: Ya-hom, antioxidation, FRAP, total phenolic compounds บทคดยอ วตถประสงค: เพอทดสอบความสามารถในการเปนสารตานออกซเดชนของตำรบยาหอม 5 ตำรบ โดยวธ FRAP วธการศกษา: ทดสอบฤทธต านออกซเดชนของสารสกดเหลวของผงยาหอม 5 ตำรบ โดยการวด total phenolic compoundsโดยใช Folin-Ciocalteu reagent วดฤทธต านออกซเดชนโดยโดย FRAP assayแลวแสดงเปนคา micromolar ของ Fe(II) ตอนำหนกผงแหง 1 กรม โดยเทยบกบสารทเปน reducing agent มาตรฐานสองชนด คอ ascorbic acid และ วตามนอชนดละลาย (Trolox®) ผลการศกษา: พบปรมาณ total phenolic compounds ในแตละตำรบในระดบปานกลางถงสง ตามปรมาณ gallic acid equivalent (GAE) ทพบคาจาก 17.6 4.3 ถง 50.8 10.9 มก. ตอผงแหง 1 กรม พบวาคา FRAP มคาตงแต 2040 140 ถง 7110 136 micromolar ตอผงแหง 1 กรม คาascorbic acid equivalent พบตงแต 123 16 to 401 82 micromol ตอผงแหง1 กรม และคา Trolox equivalent ตงแต 100 5 ถง 353 69 micromol ตอผงแหง 1 กรม สรป: ตำรบยาหอม 5 ชนดมทง total phenolic compounds และคาFRAP ในระดบสง ซงคา FRAP ทสงชแนะวานาจะมศกยภาพในการพฒนาเปนผลตภณฑธรรมชาตเพอตานออกซเดชน คำสำคญ: ยาหอม, ฤทธต านออกซเดชน, FRAP, total phenolic compounds
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