In Situ Cross-Linkable Hydrogels as a Dynamic Matrix for Tissue Regenerative Medicine
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Regenerative Medicine
Biocompatibility
Hydrogels are required to have high mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and an easy fabrication process for biomedical applications. Double-network hydrogels, although strong, are limited because of the complicated preparation steps and toxic materials involved. In this study, we report a simple method to prepare tough, in situ forming polyethylene glycol (PEG)-agarose double-network (PEG-agarose DN) hydrogels with good biocompatibility. The hydrogels display excellent mechanical strength. Because of the easily in situ forming method, the resulting hydrogels can be molded into any form as needed. In vitro and in vivo experiments illustrate that the hydrogels exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility, and cells can attach and spread on the hydrogels. Furthermore, the residual amino groups in the network can also be functionalized for various biomedical applications in tissue engineering and cell research.
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Agarose
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Organ and tissue loss through any injury motivate to formulate or develop new techniques that can generate tissues and decrease the dependency of transplantation. Regenerative medicine is an interdisciplinary field that solely depends on the principle of engineering and life science. These techniques used to fabricate cell sheets on biomaterials and then grafted it on host tissues to heal injury. Regenerative medicine involves use of substrate such a bioreactors and growth factors with cells and scaffold, which shows increase in the regenerative capacity of host tissues by using cell injection or immune modulation. Object of the present research is to reprograming of somatic cells to pluripotent cells that holds huge potential of regenerative medicine. Tissues are grafting in 3D construction by different techniques in tissue engineering. Bio-printing is an enabling technology of tissue engineering that promises to fabricate highly mimicked organs with a digital control. It gives the understanding of biomaterials and stem cell biology to integrate various printing mechanism for multi-phase tissue engineering.
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Regenerative Medicine
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Biocompatibility
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It is undoubtedly important for regenerative medicine to discover and use the cells of high proliferation and differentiation potentials. However, there are numerous cases where the tissue regeneration cannot be always achieved only by using the cells. Thus, an environmental site suitable for enabling cells to induce tissue regeneration is highly required for successful tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering is the biomedical technology or methodology indispensable to create this regeneration site while it makes use of the scaffold for cell proliferation and differentiation, the drug delivery system of biological signals, and their combination with cells. This paper describes the present status and research data of tissue engineering to emphasize the considerable significance in regenerative medicine.
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Hydrogels are known as polymer-based networks with the ability to absorb water and other body fluids. Because of this, the hydrogels are used to preserve drugs, proteins, nutrients or cells. Hydrogels possess great biocompatibility, and properties like soft tissue, and networks full of water, which allows oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites to pass. Therefore, hydrogels are extensively employed as scaffolds in tissue engineering. Specifically, hydrogels made of natural polymers are efficient structures for tissue regeneration, because they mimic natural environment which improves the expression of cellular behavior. Producing natural polymer-based hydrogels from collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), fibrin, alginate, and chitosan is a significant tactic for tissue engineering because it is useful to recognize the interaction between scaffold with a tissue or cell, their cellular reactions, and potential for tissue regeneration. The present review article is focused on injectable hydrogels scaffolds made of biocompatible natural polymers with particular features, the methods that can be employed to engineer injectable hydrogels and their latest applications in tissue regeneration.
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The development of skin tissue engineering provides a non invasive method for skin restoration.As one of three key factors in tissue engineering,the cell scaffolds play an important role.To meet the requirements of cell scaffolds for tissue engineering in respect of mechanical property,physical structure and biocompatibility,the porous scaffolds of poly(DL lactide)(PDLLA),and poly(lactide co caprolactone)(PLACL)were first fabricated,then they were implanted into the muscle of rat back.The rats died at different times after implantation and the retrieved implants from each rat were observed and compared with acellular dermis matrix (ADM)having good biocompatibility.It was found that the degradation rate,mechanical properties,porosity,and pore size of PDLLA and PLACL scaffolds can be adjusted according to the requirements of skin tissue engineering.There were no obvious inflammatory cells after implanting of the materials,and the formed vasa in the scaffolds became similar with normal vasa and distributed evenly after 21 days.The biocompatibility of PDLLA and PLACL is not as good as ADM,but the foreign body reactions were not obvious.The scaffolds of PDLLA and PLACL can meet elementary requirements of skin tissue engineering.This study provides meaningful and experimental basis for further study of artificial skin of PLACL.
Biocompatibility
Artificial skin
Acellular Dermis
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