Consumption of agricultural products in Finland in 1985
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Forecasts of the per capita consumption of main agricultural products until 1985 are based a) on income elasticities and b) on an assumed growth of real income by 40 per cent in 10 years. In some cases such as meat, butter and margarine the development of the consumption will depend largely on the future price policy and therefore the forecasts can be considered as alternatives which seem possible but which may also turn out to be wrong. Comsumption forecasts for wheat and rye are based on an income elasticity of —0.3. So the consumption of wheat will fall from46.2 kg per capita in 1975 to 40 kg in 1985 and the consumption of rye from 22.0 to 20kg per capita, respectively. Consumption of fluid milk is assumed to fall 10 per cent in 10 years and would be 206 kg per capita in 1985. The consumption of butter will depend on the price policy of butter in relation to margarine. If the ratio of the retail prices of these products remains as constant as it has been for some years, the consumption of butter is likely to be about 10 kg per capita in 1985. The cheese consumption is expected to increase annually by 4 per cent up to 8.5 kg per capita in 1985.The consumption of other dairy products will stay at the present level. The consumption of eggs will, on the other band, increase 20 per cent during the next 10 years. Beef and pork are close substitutes the consumption of which depends largely on the price policy. Since the supply of beef may not increase due to the declining number of dairy cows it is assumed that the retail price of beef will rise faster than that of pork and therefore the demand pressure on meat will shift to pork, the consumption of which expected to increase by 1kg per capita per year so that it will be 35 kg in 1985. The diet of 1985 is checked by calculating its energy, fat and protein content. The results seem to be rather acceptable.Keywords:
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Per capita income
The study examines the recent changes in per capita consumption of apples and exotic fruits focusing on the competition between the two fruit categories. In particular, the per capita consumption of apples declined from about 21 kg in 2004 to about 15 kg in 2012, while the consumption of exotic fruit increased from about 9 kg to kg in 2005 to 12.5 kg in 2012. The examination stresses the inadequacy to analyze consumption using the concept of âan average householdâ because the concept does not reflect the potential differences in households with inadequate fresh fruit consumption such as families with a large number of children. Using GUS data for the period 2008-2012, the paper illustrates the differences in the consumption of both fruit categories according to households classified applying demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Graphic presentation of per capita consumption volume and statistical test results show the large differences in the consumption of apples, the primary domestic fruit, and imported fruits. Polandâs apple growers, fruit importers, distributors and retailers as well as public health agencies are offered insights useful in making decisions about apple promotion, marketing strategies and consumer education programs.
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Rising incomes, migration and changing food-retailing venues are creating dramatic changes in China’s food economy – especially in urban areas. During the past decade, there have been sharp rises in the consumption of, among other food items, horticultural commodities. For example, the demand for fruit by urban consumers rose from 40 kilograms per capita in 1997 to 60 kilograms per capita in 2004, while the consumption of high-valued vegetables rose from 113 kilograms per capita in 1997 to 123 kilograms per capita in 2004 (CNBS 2005).
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This report presents annual data but is published every 2 years. The data present current and historical information on the production, trade, consumption, and prices of timber products in the United States. The report focuses on national statistics, but includes some data for individual states and regions and for Canada. The data were collected from industry trade associations and government agencies. They are intended for use by forest land managers, forest industries, trade associations, forestry schools, renewable resource organizations, individuals in the major timber producing and consuming countries of the world, and the general public. A major use of the data is tracking industry production and consumption trends over time. One of the major shifts that occurred in the wood-using industry over the past 5 years is that both production and consumption of roundwood per capita decreased. The consumption of products per capita has also undergone a gradual decrease over the past 5 years. Because of increased paper recycling and increased processing efficiency, the consumption per capita in roundwood equivalent has decreased since about 1987 from 83 ft3 to 72 ft3 per capita. But over the most recent time period, the decline in production per capita is due to the U.S. economic weakness that severely impacted wood markets. In the 1960s and 1970s, consumption averaged 65 ft3 per capita before increasing and peaking in 1986 to 83 ft3 per capita. Since 2005, consumption per capita has continued to steadily decrease and reached 41 ft3 in 2009 remaining unchanged in 2010. Per capita consumption in 2011 increased to 47 ft3 the first increase since 2005. Since 2005, paper consumption fell from 41 thousand tons to 34 thousand tons in 2011. Since 2005, newsprint declined from 5.4 million tons to 3.3 million tons and printing and writing paper fell from 24.5 million tons to 19.3 million tons. Another shift occurring over the past several years is increased emphasis on wood energy use, which has shown wide fluctuations over the last decade and into 2011.
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This report presents annual data but is published every 2 years. The data present current and historical information on the production, trade, consumption, and prices of timber products in the United States. The report focuses on national statistics, but includes some data for individual States and regions and for Canada. The data were collected from industry trade associations and government agencies. They are intended for use by forest land managers, forest industries, trade associations, forestry schools, renewable resource organizations, individuals in the major timber producing and consuming countries of the world, and the general public. A major use of the data is tracking industry production and consumption trends over time. One of the major shifts occurring in the wood using industry over the last 2 years is that both production and consumption of roundwood per capita have been increasing. The consumption of products per capita also increased over the last 2 years. Because of increased paper recycling and increased processing efficiency, the consumption per capita in roundwood equivalent has decreased since about 1987 from 83 ft3 to 72 ft3 per capita. In the 1960s and 1970s, consumption averaged 65 ft3 per capita. Per capita consumption in 2004 increased to 71 ft3 per capita before increasing further in 2005 to 72 ft3 per capita. Another shift occurring during 2005 is increased emphasis on wood energy use, which has shown wide fluctuations over the last decade into 2005.
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Forecasts of the per capita consumption of main agricultural products until 1985 are based a) on income elasticities and b) on an assumed growth of real income by 40 per cent in 10 years. In some cases such as meat, butter and margarine the development of the consumption will depend largely on the future price policy and therefore the forecasts can be considered as alternatives which seem possible but which may also turn out to be wrong. Comsumption forecasts for wheat and rye are based on an income elasticity of —0.3. So the consumption of wheat will fall from46.2 kg per capita in 1975 to 40 kg in 1985 and the consumption of rye from 22.0 to 20kg per capita, respectively. Consumption of fluid milk is assumed to fall 10 per cent in 10 years and would be 206 kg per capita in 1985. The consumption of butter will depend on the price policy of butter in relation to margarine. If the ratio of the retail prices of these products remains as constant as it has been for some years, the consumption of butter is likely to be about 10 kg per capita in 1985. The cheese consumption is expected to increase annually by 4 per cent up to 8.5 kg per capita in 1985.The consumption of other dairy products will stay at the present level. The consumption of eggs will, on the other band, increase 20 per cent during the next 10 years. Beef and pork are close substitutes the consumption of which depends largely on the price policy. Since the supply of beef may not increase due to the declining number of dairy cows it is assumed that the retail price of beef will rise faster than that of pork and therefore the demand pressure on meat will shift to pork, the consumption of which expected to increase by 1kg per capita per year so that it will be 35 kg in 1985. The diet of 1985 is checked by calculating its energy, fat and protein content. The results seem to be rather acceptable.
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Agriculture is an important component of the Iowa economy. When considered in combination with Iowa's food manufacturing and Iowa's industries that specifically produce agricultural inputs, the broader agriculture and agriculture-related manufacturing sectors explain a substantial fraction of the state's jobs and labor incomes. If those industries are analyzed in terms of their contributions towards final demand sales (the preponderance of which are exports from Iowa), all of the jobs linked to those final demand sales can be quantified. By doing so, it is possible to estimate the total number of jobs in Iowa that are directly or indirectly linked to agriculture and agriculture related manufacturing.
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Agriculture is an important component of the Iowa economy. When considered in combination with Iowa's food manufacturing and Iowa's industries that specifically produce agricultural inputs, the broader agriculture and agriculture-related manufacturing sectors explain a substantial fraction of the state's jobs and labor incomes. If those industries are analyzed in terms of their contributions towards final demand sales (the preponderance of which are exports from Iowa), all of the jobs linked to those final demand sales can be quantified. By doing so, it is possible to estimate the total number of jobs in Iowa that are directly or indirectly linked to agriculture and agriculture related manufacturing.
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Rising incomes, migration and changing food-retailing venues are creating dramatic changes in China’s food economy – especially in urban areas. During the past decade, there have been sharp rises in the consumption of, among other food items, horticultural commodities. For example, the demand for fruit by urban consumers rose from 40 kilograms per capita in 1997 to 60 kilograms per capita in 2004, while the consumption of high-valued vegetables rose from 113 kilograms per capita in 1997 to 123 kilograms per capita in 2004 (CNBS 2005).
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Expanding Domestic Demand and stimulate consumption are the key to developing our national economy.With the increasingly improvement of the production level,igniting rural consumption market,and cultivating it into the new focus-spot of consumption to promote rural consumption increase stably.In this paper,we analyze per capita consumption of rural residents in Fujian province.At last,we predict the future trends of rural residents' per capita living consumption expenditure and consumption structure by using the method of gay pediction.it can provide reference for the department changing consumption ideas,developing rural consumption market and making relevant consumption policies.
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