Traffic Noise Assessment at Residential Areas in Skudai, Johor
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Vehicles passing by on roadways in residential areas may produce unpleasant traffic noise that affects the residents. This paper presents the traffic noise assessment of three selected residential areas located in Skudai, Johor. The objectives of this study are to evaluate traffic characteristics at selected residential areas, determine related noise indices, and assess impact of traffic noise. Traffic characteristics such as daily traffic volume and vehicle speed were evaluated using automatic traffic counter (ATC). Meanwhile, noise indices like equivalent continuous sound pressure level (L Aeq ), noise level exceeded 10% (L 10 ) and 90% (L 90 ) of measurement time were determined using sound level meter (SLM). Besides that, traffic noise index (T NI ) and noise pollution level (L NP ) were calculated based on the measured noise indices. The results showed an increase in noise level of 60 to 70 dBA maximum due to increase in traffic volume. There was also a significant change in noise level of more than 70 dBA even though average vehicle speed did not vary significantly. Nevertheless, L Aeq , T NI , and L NP values for all sites during daytime were lower than the maximum recommended levels. Thus, residents in the three studied areas were not affected in terms of quality of life and health.Keywords:
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Noise pollution associated with urbanization is a serious environmental problem in many developing countries in the world. Khulna, the third largest city of Bangladesh is not an exception. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of noise pollution at different types of selected locations such as traffic congested areas, industrial areas, and commercial areas in Khulna city. The Noise level was determined through field experiment by a sound level meter (Multi-function Environmental Meter, Model: RH87). Moreover, the study was carried out to find out the effect of noise on human being in industrial area. For this reason, a series of questionnaire surveys were conducted on the local people in the study area. The study showed that the highest average level of sound (84.9 dBA) was observed at traffic congested area during 5:00 PM-8:00 PM and lowest average level of sound (68.3 dBA) was observed at industrial area during 8:00 AM-12:00 PM. The study revealed that traffic congested areas are the noisiest followed by commercial and industrial areas. The study also found that people faced problems such as headache, disturbance in sleeping, hearing and talking due to noise in industrial areas. From the measured noise values, a spatial distribution map of noise pollution was developed for the overall condition of noise level around the study area. Finally, an approach has been proposed by applying noise barrier to control the noise pollution in the city.
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Industrial area
Control area
Environmental Noise
City environment
Industrial noise
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Vehicles passing by on roadways in residential areas may produce unpleasant traffic noise that affects the residents. This paper presents the traffic noise assessment of three selected residential areas located in Skudai, Johor. The objectives of this study are to evaluate traffic characteristics at selected residential areas, determine related noise indices, and assess impact of traffic noise. Traffic characteristics such as daily traffic volume and vehicle speed were evaluated using automatic traffic counter (ATC). Meanwhile, noise indices like equivalent continuous sound pressure level (L Aeq ), noise level exceeded 10% (L 10 ) and 90% (L 90 ) of measurement time were determined using sound level meter (SLM). Besides that, traffic noise index (T NI ) and noise pollution level (L NP ) were calculated based on the measured noise indices. The results showed an increase in noise level of 60 to 70 dBA maximum due to increase in traffic volume. There was also a significant change in noise level of more than 70 dBA even though average vehicle speed did not vary significantly. Nevertheless, L Aeq , T NI , and L NP values for all sites during daytime were lower than the maximum recommended levels. Thus, residents in the three studied areas were not affected in terms of quality of life and health.
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Background: Sound produced by the passing traffic contributes to noise pollution. Noise pollution affects the residents of both city and suburban areas. The noise produced does not only disturb the community living nearby the main road during the day but becomes worse during the night. The purpose of the study is to perform noise level measurement and subjective evaluation on the noise produced at night in a residential area along Paka Road, Dungun, Terengganu. Methods: Data of the noise level produced at night in the residential area were taken at three different locations using SoundTrack LxT sound level meter. These locations determined the effect of distances to the noise being heard. Data were recorded to produce LAeq, Lmax, L10 and L90. Noise pollution levels (LNP) and traffic noise index (TNI) were also reported. A subjective evaluation was conducted to investigate residents' perception of the effects of traffic noise at night in their daily life routine. This study employed a questionnaire specially constructed for the study based on related literature review. Results: The noise levels inside and outside of the residences exceeded the noise level permitted by Department of Environment (DOE) and World Health Organization (WHO). The noise level in the residence was 66.4 dBA which is much higher than the level proposed by DOE. While the highest LAeq of the traffic noise measured inside the residence was 57.5 dBA which is also considered as high. Moreover, the maximum noise level inside the residences could reach up to 85.3 dBA at night during the weekends.This study also showed that from 114 respondents who were selected randomly, 61% felt that their residential area is noisy at night. Conclusion: The noise produced by the traffic at Paka Road, Dungun at night is considerably high and affects the residents’ quality of life.
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Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter of 2010 in Qazvin. Measurements were performed by the sound level meter 1353H (TES, Taiwan). The main streets and intersections on the city maps were considered as measuring stations. The levels of equivalent noise, statistical noise, and traffic noise were measured based on the ISO 1999 method approved by the Environmental Protection Organization. Data were analyzed by one sided, two sided, paired t-test. Findings: Of total measuring stations, 63% were found to have equivalent noise level higher than the standard recommended for residential-commercial areas and 24% within the standard levels. Conclusion: In all cities under study, the equivalent noise level was higher than that recommended for residential-commercial areas. The daily equivalent of noise index did not change at different times, indicating a uniform sound level from traffic and acoustic fields.
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This research focuses on the comparison of the traffic noise levels that are calculated from
prediction models, and the noise levels from actual traffic noise measurement. The research
was conducted on Regent Street, Sandy Bay Road and the Tasman Highway, Hobart. At each
site, the traffic noise measurement was operated seven days continuously, with site
topography and at least 10 hours of traffic volume studies. Repeat measurements were taken
at each site. Three prediction models: T-Noise, STAMSON4.1 and ITFNS1.1 were used for
predictng traffic noise levels at each study site.
The study showed that in day-time, all recorded noise levels under normal conditions
exceeded both NSW road traffic noise criteria and Tasmanian road noise guideline
(Leq 15 hr = 60 dB(A)) and (L10 18 hr = 63 dB(A), respectively), and most of the night-time noise
levels exceeded both night-time criteria of NSW and Tasmania (Leq 9hr = 55 dB(A) and
Leq 1 hr = 55 dB(A), respectively).
Traffic volume studies showed that there were approximately 850 veh/hr with 11 % trucks on
Regent Street, 1600 veh/hr with 13% trucks on Sandy Bay Road and 3200 veh/hr with 6%
trucks on the Tasman Highway.
The comparison studies showed that, within the absolute noise levels comparison, on Regent
Street and Sandy Bay Road, T-Noise showed the greatest accuracy with the smallest
variation, an average of 0.76 dB over prediction on Regent Street and 1.12 dB under
prediction on Sandy Bay Road. STAMSON4.1 provided less accuracy than T-Noise, with an
average under prediction of 1.86 dB on Regent Street and 2.51 dB under prediction on Sandy
Bay Road. ITFNS1.1 exhibited unreliable predictions for all study sites. None of the models
presented reliable results for the Tasman Highway study site.
The results from correlation tests on predicted and actual noise levels showed that T-Noise
and STAMSON4.1 provided no significant difference in the correlation coefficient values. At
the urban road sites T-Noise provided the greatest correlation of R2 = 0.57, while
STAMSON4.1 provided R2 = 0.43, with only R2 = 0.006 gained from ITFNS1.1. For
highway conditions, T-Noise provided the greatest correlation of R2 = 0.64, while R2 = 0.43
was offered by STAMSON4.1. However, in correlation tests of urban and highway conditions combined, both models showed poor results with R2 = 0.08 and R2 = 0.27 from
T-Noise and STAMSON4.1 respectively. These results provide an indication of the accuracy
of these models for this application. In the case of correlation between traffic volumes and
the accuracy of noise level predictions; only T-Noise shows a correlation between these two
factors indicating a propensity for improvement in its accuracy for this application.
Regent
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A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to environmental pollutions is related to health problems. It is, however, questionable whether this condition affects working performance in occupational settings. The aim of this study is to determine the predictive value of age as well as traffic related air and noise pollutions for fatigue. 246 traffic officers participated in this study. Air pollution data were obtained from the local Air Quality Control Company. A sound level meter was used for measuring ambient noise. Fatigue was evaluated by the MFI-20 questionnaire. The general and physical scales showed the highest, while the reduced activity scale showed the lowest level of fatigue. Age had an independent direct effect on reduced activity and physical fatigue. The average of daytime equivalent noise level was between 71.63 and 88.51 dB(A). In the case of high noise exposure, older officers feel more fatigue than younger ones. Exposure to PM10 and O3 resulted in general and physical fatigue. Complex Interactions between SO2, CO and NO2 were found. Exposure to noise and some components of air pollution, especially O3 and PM10, increases fatigue. The authorities should adopt and rigorously implement environmental protection policies in order to protect people.
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Abstract Noise pollution arises as a severe problem to the community and ground transportation has highly impacted noise environment of the neighbourhood. In the present study, six stations were selected from three different locations in order to assess the traffic noise impact among residential area along Jalan Kluang, Batu Pahat. The objectives of this study focused on two main stages: (1) determination of noise indices; and (2) assessment of traffic noise impact. The noise indices such as equivalent continuous noise level (LAeq), noise level exceeded 10% (L 10 ), 90% (L 90 ) and the maximum noise level (LAFmax) of peak hours measurement time were determined using sound level meter (SLM) at all six stations. Besides, traffic noise index (TNI) and noise pollution level (LNP) were calculated based on the measured noise indices to expose the traffic noise impact. Overall, the result of the present study showed that residential area faces traffic noise disturbance partially whereby 50% of the stations exceeded the DOE standard which was 55dBA. Nevertheless, the residents living nearby Jalan Kluang are commonly facing traffic noise nuisance, but stations located further inside residential areas tend to have more residential background noises apart from traffic influence.
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Roadway noise
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Despite its well-documented effects on health and wellbeing, noise remains one of the most poorly regulated type of pollution in African cities. Some studies have shown that automobiles and music stores are among the leading sources of noise pollution in African urban centers with equivalent sound pressure levels largely exceeding regulatory limits. These elevated noise levels exposes the public to auditory and non-auditory effects that impair health and quality of life. Regardless, research on road traffic and music-generated noise remain scarce in Kenya and Africa at large. This study sought to assess noise associated with traffic and music at 50 purposively selected sites in Kisumu city, Kenya. Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) were measured using EXTECH® digital sound level meter, recorded in a data sheet and analyzed descriptively on SPSS version 23. Results showed that the mean traffic-generated noise was 70.39 ± 10.10dBA, while music-generated noise was 86.35 ± 6.92dBA. Independent sample t-test showed that the mean SPL for music was significantly higher than traffic. There was considerable variability in traffic noise by site with highways having highest (76.25 ± 5.42dBA) followed by roundabouts (75.0 ± 4.97 dBA) and lastly by termini (71.60 ± 4.81dBA). Noise at resting parks varied with distance from high traffic zones. Both vehicular and music-related noise exceeded maximum permissible limits, but music-related noise was significantly higher than vehicular noise.
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This paper is a study on noise level
produced by traffic in Putrajaya. The main
objective of the study is to employ SoundPLAN
Road Traffic Noise Software and Norsonic 118
Sound Level Meter in determining, analyzing and
assessing noise distribution levels in Putrajaya
with the guidelines recommended by World
Health Organization (WHO). Software
Application and Field Observation are the
methods used in this study. From the test results,
there is no significant difference of using
SoundPLAN software between manual handling
by Sound Level Meter. This is supported by the
results of the findings which show that tstat is not
exceeded than tcritical by the T-test hypothesis
study. There is a relationship between urban
noises and traffic volume. The finding of the study
also indicated that the distance from the traffic is
the main factor to the increment of noise level at
Putrajaya. From the analysis, a new noise contour
map that covers some part of the districts has been
produced. These noise maps have been
particularized via software application that
provide noise barrier to prevent noise level from
disturbing human activities. Based on the study, it
can be concluded that 30 % of the measurements
from the study area were higher than 75 dB(A)
which is exceeded than the limit that
recommended by WHO which can effected
hearing loss.
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