‘Some men just don’t want to get hurt’: perspectives of U.S. Virgin Islands men toward partner violence and HIV risks
Kamila A. AlexanderNoelle M. St. VilMarilyn A. Braithwaite-HallMichael SánchezAletha BaumannGloria B. CallwoodJacquelyn C. CampbellDoris W. Campbell
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Objectives: Global evidence suggests that individuals who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) can have accelerated risk for HIV transmission. The U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) has high per capita rates of HIV and IPV that can have devastating effects on women’s health. Catalysts for these health disparities may be shaped by cultural and social definitions of conventional masculinity. Thus, understanding USVI men’s perceptions about HIV risks and IPV are a necessary component of developing strategies to improve women’s health. This study aimed to describe perceptions of HIV risks and IPV among USVI men.Design: We conducted two focus groups with 14 men living on St. Thomas and St. Croix, USVI. The focus group interview guide was culturally relevant and developed using findings from research conducted about these issues on USVI. Thematic analysis was used to analyze focus group data. Transcripts were coded and categorized by four research team members and discrepancies were reconciled. Themes were developed based on the emerging data.Results: Focus group participants were all US citizens born on the USVI, had a median age range of 20–25, 86% (12) were of African descent and 14% (2) were Hispanic. Themes emerging from the data were: (1) validating status, (2) deflecting responsibility, and (3) evoking fear and distrust. These ideas underscored the ways that attitudes and beliefs informed by gender and social norms influence IPV and sexual behavior between intimate partners.Conclusion: USVI society could benefit from interventions that aim to transform norms, promote healthy relationships, and encourage health-seeking behavior to improve the health of women partners.Keywords:
Distrust
Thematic Analysis
There is widely acceptance and research that consumer trust is a key foundation for online purchase success,but little attention has been paid to distrust. Especially in our cultural,individuals always trust insiders,distrust outsiders,while consumers is exactly transacts with outsiders in online purchase,this make the research about distrust is more important in our country. By incorporating distrust as a distinct entity from trust,this study proposes a mechanism by which trust and distrust are formed,we analyzed how the three dimensions of trust impact trust and distrust respectively,the results indicated ability like the motivator factors in two factors theory,while integrity and benevolence like the hygiene factors. Based on this,the current study further examined the effects trust and distrust on consumer behavior respectively,and findings show that both trust and distrust has no significant influence on consumer willingness to provide information; but distrust has stronger effects on purchase intention than trust.
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Determining whom to trust and whom to distrust is a major decision in impersonal IT-enabled exchanges. Despite the potential role of both trust and distrust in impersonal exchanges, the information systems literature has primarily focused on trust, alas paying relatively little attention to distrust. Given the importance of studying both trust and distrust, this study aims to shed light on the nature, dimensionality, distinction, and relationship, and relative effects of trust and distrust on economic outcomes in the context of impersonal IT-enabled exchanges between buyers and sellers in online marketplaces. This study uses functional neuroimaging (fMRI) tools to complement psychometric measures of trust and distrust by observing the location, timing, and level of brain activity that underlies trust and distrust and their underlying dimensions. The neural correlates of trust and distrust are identified when subjects interact with four experimentally manipulated seller profiles that differ on their level of trust and distrust. The results show that trust and distrust activate different brain areas and have different effects, helping explain why trust and distrust are distinct constructs associated with different neurological processes. Implications for the nature, distinction and relationship, dimensionality, and effects of trust and distrust are discussed.
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To help retailers gain consumers’ trust, many studies have investigated antecedents of consumer trust. However, distrust, a concept closely related to trust, has attracted only sporadic research attention. As a result, whether factors that increase consumer trust can eliminate consumer distrust is unclear. To deepen understanding of trust and distrust, this study applies the critical incident technique to identify and compare the antecedents of trust and distrust of Chinese consumers. The results show that the antecedents of distrust differ from those of trust, indicating different formulation mechanisms of both. Therefore, on the one hand, retailers should pay attention to increasing consumer trust, and on the other hand, they should develop marketing activities to reduce consumer distrust.
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Chapter seven is comprised of a comprehensive exploration of mistrust and distrust and how these contrast with trust. The authors are interested in providing readers with reminders of the negative features and costs of distrust in school and other learning community settings. The chapter offers some insights on overcoming distrust and mistrust from leader-practitioner perspectives.
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Abstract To study the perceptions of parents and caregivers on the use of live video in neonatal clinical practice in order to better assess its suitability, limits and constraints.Methods: Nine focus group interviews were conducted in four neonatal units involving 20 caregivers and 19 parents. Data were triangulated using transcripts and field notes and analyzed using inductive and semantic thematic analysis.Results: The seven major themes that emerged from the caregiver focus groups were (i) the impact of video recording on caregiver’s behavior; (ii) the impact on parents; (iii) forensic issues ;(iv) guarantee of use; (v) benefits for the new-born; (vi) methodology of use; and (vii) technical considerations & feasibility. The five major themes emerge from parents focus groups were i) benefits for the new-born and care enhancement; (ii) impact on parents and potential benefits in case of newborn child/parent separation; (iii) informed consent and guarantee of use;(iv) concern about a possible disruptive impact on caregivers; and (v) data protection.Conclusion: Both parents and caregivers found the use of video in care useful and acceptable if measures were taken to protect the data and mitigate any negative impacts on caregivers.
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Objective: To explore the perception regarding skin colour and decline in mental health due to an increased obsession with fair complexion among young adults, specifically in Pakistan. Study Design: Exploratory study. Place and Duration of Study: Public and Private Universities of Islamabad/Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun to Aug 2022. Methodology: Three independent focus group discussions were carried out with young adults (aged 18-35). Focus group discussions were recorded and transcribed by keeping in mind the ethical consideration. Moreover, two interviews, one with the dermatologist and the other with the beautician, were also conducted to gain more information. The data was gathered and transcribed and then, themes emerged by using Thematic Analysis. Inter-rater reliability of themes was computed by four independent raters which were found to be substantial for focus groups and each interview. Results: The results reveal major themes that emerged from the present study, which influenced young adults' perception regarding skin colour and damaged their mental health. New dimensions were revealed in which both males and females were studied, which had not previously been explored in Pakistan. Conclusion: This study identifies those factors contributing to the deteriorating mental health of a person related to skin colour and mental health professionals. The Young adults of Pakistan are dissatisfied and preoccupied with the notion of perfect skin colour, which leads them to opt for different unhealthy means to beautify themselves and damaging their mental health.
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Despite recent attention to trust, comparatively little is known about distrust as distinct from trust. In this paper, we drew on case study data of a reorganized court of law, where intergroup distrust had grown between judges and administrators, to develop a dynamic theory of distrust. We used insights from the literatures on distrust, conflict escalation, and professional–organization relations to guide the analysis of our case data. Our research is consistent with insights on distrust previously postulated, but we were able to extend and make more precise the perceptions and behaviors that make up the elements of the self-amplifying cycle of distrust development, how these elements are related, and the mechanisms of amplification that drive the cycle. To help guide and focus future research, we modeled the process by which distrust emerges and develops, and we drew inferences on how it can be repaired.
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Implementation research ethics can be particularly challenging when pregnant women have been excluded from earlier clinical stages of research given greater uncertainty about safety and efficacy in pregnancy. The evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) during pregnancy offered an opportunity to understand important ethical considerations and social influences shaping women's decisions to participate in the evaluation of PrEP and investigational drugs during pregnancy. We conducted interviews with women ( n = 51), focus groups with male partners (five focus group discussions [FGDs]), interviews with health providers ( n = 45), four FGDs with pregnant/postpartum adolescents and four FGDs with young women. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, including ethical aspects of the data. Our study reveals that women navigate a complex network of social influences, expectations, support, and gender roles, not only with male partners, but also with clinicians, family, and friends when making decisions about PrEP or other drugs that lack complete safety data during pregnancy.
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Significance Social scientists have devoted much attention to studying the sources and consequences of the disposition to trust but have only recently begun to investigate the disposition to distrust. An increasing consensus is emerging that distrust is not merely the opposite of trust. This article provides initial empirical evidence indicating that the sources of the dispositions to trust and distrust indeed do differ in important ways. Notably, although both trust and distrust are strongly influenced by the individual’s unique environment, interestingly, trust shows significant genetic influences, whereas distrust does not. Rather, distrust appears to be primarily socialized, including influences within the family. These findings provide new support for the bidimensionality of trust and distrust by demonstrating their distinct antecedents.
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