The Different Mechanism of Online Trust and Distrust Formation in Chinese Context
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There is widely acceptance and research that consumer trust is a key foundation for online purchase success,but little attention has been paid to distrust. Especially in our cultural,individuals always trust insiders,distrust outsiders,while consumers is exactly transacts with outsiders in online purchase,this make the research about distrust is more important in our country. By incorporating distrust as a distinct entity from trust,this study proposes a mechanism by which trust and distrust are formed,we analyzed how the three dimensions of trust impact trust and distrust respectively,the results indicated ability like the motivator factors in two factors theory,while integrity and benevolence like the hygiene factors. Based on this,the current study further examined the effects trust and distrust on consumer behavior respectively,and findings show that both trust and distrust has no significant influence on consumer willingness to provide information; but distrust has stronger effects on purchase intention than trust.Keywords:
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Trust plays an important role in helping online users collect reliable information, and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. We learn from social sciences that, as the conceptual counterpart of trust, distrust could be as important as trust. However, little work exists in studying distrust in social media. What is the relationship between trust and distrust? Can we directly apply methodologies from social sciences to study distrust in social media? In this paper, we design two computational tasks by leveraging data mining and machine learning techniques to enable the computational understanding of distrust with social media data. The first task is to predict distrust from only trust, and the second task is to predict trust with distrust. We conduct experiments in real-world social media data. The empirical results of the first task provide concrete evidence to answer the question, "is distrust the negation of trust?" while the results of the second task help us figure out how valuable the use of distrust in trust prediction.
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This chapter pursues the topic of low trust in high trust environments. The consequences of low institutional and social trust have become the object of intense interest within sociology. The chapter primarily focuses on the comparative study of changes in social trust levels and the effects of dominating high or low social trust majorities. It also focuses on the Danish low social trust minority and subsequently compares it to the Austrian low social trust majority, finding new differences and similarities in modes of trust. In the Danish case the high trust responses are closer to the centre of the first axis, whereas in the Austrian case the low trust responses are closer to the centre of their population mean. Finally the chapter concludes that the Austrian case supports the concept of mistrust, but offers no evidence to support the concept of distrust. Keywords:Austrian low social trust majority; Danish low social trust minority; distrust; high trust environment; mistrust
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Scrutiny
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This article provides an empirical test of whether trust and distrust can co-exist in the mind of an employee. Two interrelated questions are considered: firstly, whether trust and distrust judgements are ‘symmetrical’ or whether they can occur ‘simultaneously’ as separate constructs; and, secondly, whether trust and distrust judgements entail the same or conceptually different expectations as revealed in their expressions and anticipated manifestations. Using a concurrent mixed-method design incorporating a structured card sort and in-depth interviews, data were collected from 56 participants in two organizations. The card-sort findings offer little support for the co-existence of trust and distrust, but suggest they could be separate constructs. Interview data indicate that participants do perceive trust and distrust as entailing different sets of expectations and having different manifestations, providing some support for the ‘separate constructs’ thesis. We also find evidence of two new combinations of weak levels of trust and distrust not previously specified. The findings highlight how employees’ trust and distrust judgements are shaped, in part, by managerial actions and policies relating to quality of communication and job security. They also emphasize how, when employees are distrustful, different practice interventions may be needed to reduce distrust from those used to build trust.
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Building trust and commitment among a local politician's blog visitors may lead them to revisit the blog, to recommend it, or to give preference to the blog above all others. This study analyzes the role of different variables in building trust and commitment in online environments. In order to do so, it extends the behavior of the relationship quality model to the realm of political blogs, including two additional variables that can have an effect on building trust and commitment: attachment and distrust. After applying the model to a sample of political representatives operating at a local level in Spain, we were able to confirm the behavior of relationship quality, observing that satisfaction and commitment are both related directly to and mediated by trust. We were also able to confirm the significant impact of attachment on satisfaction and commitment, whereas we found no significant relationship between attachment and trust or between distrust and commitment. To further expand our knowledge of the variables included in the model, we also analyzed the relationships between trusting beliefs and the components of self-determination theory as antecedents of trust, distrust, and attachment.
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Abstract The latest Danish wave of the European Values Study shows an increase in the prevailing culture of social trust. Low social trust characterises only a minority of the population. This study investigates who maintains low social trust in a Danish environment of high social trust, in comparison with the low trust majority of Austria. The study pursues the interplay between social positions and dispositions through Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Social trust is found to be stratified along an in- and exclusion axis as well as a high and low capital axis of labour market insiders. The analysis suggests a dimension of social trust concerning tolerance of the unknown along the axis of in- and exclusion. Furthermore, it suggests a dimension of social trust concerning clarity or ambiguity in the expectation of cooperation and self-utility of others. The article concludes that a differentiation of social trust in the first dimension as trust/mistrust and trust/distrust in the second dimension is helpful to further social trust research.
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Stoked by corporate failures from Enron to Lehman Brothers, consumers are increasingly skeptical of the motivations of industry sectors ranging from banking to health care. Do organizations dare build trust in times of distrust? Does it pay? Using institutional perspectives of trust production, we examine consumer perceptions of firm-level trust under varying institutional contexts, and the influence of firm-level trust on consumer loyalty in distrust- versus trust-dominated environments. We find that although firms produce less trust in distrust-dominated environments, firms that successfully build trust in distrust environments show a 50% increase in consumer loyalty relative to trust environments.
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Skepticism
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Researchers have not studied e-commerce distrust as much as e-commerce trust. This study examines whether trust and distrust are distinct concepts. If trust and distrust are the same, lack of distrust research matters little. But if they are different, the lack of distrust research could be problematic because distrust may have a unique B2C impact. While some researchers believe distrust simply means a low level of trust, others believe distrust is a concept entirely separate from trust. For the latter to be true, trust and distrust variables must first demonstrate discriminant validity from each other, and second, differ in what they themselves predict. This paper tests whether or not trust and distrust variables are distinct. It finds that three sets of trust and distrust concepts are discriminant from each other and that they tend to predict different variables. The findings also show that distrust is an important predictor of risky B2C actions like willingness to share information and willingness to purchase.
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Abstract Scholarship of trust in institutions has tended to see trust and distrust as opposites on one continuum. Theoretical advances have challenged this view and now consider trust and distrust as different constructs, and thus as constructs with different characteristics and partly different determinants. Current empirical research on trust in government has so far done little to incorporate these findings, and has largely continued to rely on traditional survey items assuming a trust–distrust continuum. We rely on the literature in organization studies and political science to argue in favour of measuring citizen trust and distrust as distinct concepts and discuss future research challenges.
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According to the three-dimensional theory of trust which the author develops in his recent work, the measure of trust that people vest on their fellow citizens or institutions depends on three factors: the reflected trustworthiness as estimated by themselves in more or less rational manner, the attitude of basic trustfulness deriving from socialization, and the culture of trust pervading their society and normatively constraining for each member. The culture of trust is shaped by historical experiences of a society - the tradition of trust, and by the current structural context -the trust-inspiring milieu. The author presents a model of a structural context conducive for the emergence of the culture of trust, and then argues that the democratic organization contributes to the trust-generating conditions, like normative certainty, transparency, stability, accountability etc. The mechanism of this influence is found to be doubly paradoxical. First, democracy breeds the culture of trust by institutionalizing distrust, at many levels of democratic organization. And second, the strongest influence of democracy on the culture of trust may be expected when the institutionalized distrust remains only the potential insurance of trustworthiness, a resource used sparingly and only when there appear significant breaches of trust. Of all three components in the three-dimensional model of trust, the cultural dimension is most susceptible to practical, political measures. And the most promising method to elicit the culture of trust is designing democratic institutions and safeguarding their viable functioning.
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