Capturing microbial sources distributed in a mixed-use watershed within an integrated environmental modeling workflow
G. WhelanKeewook KimRajbir ParmarGerard F. LaniakKurt WolfeMichael GalvinMarirosa MolinaYakov PachepskyPaul DudaRichard G. ZeppLourdes PrietoJulie KinzelmanGregory T. KleinheinzMark A. Borchardt
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There is considerable debate about the ethics of captive wildlife-based setting such as zoos and aquaria, and there is concern about the negative impacts wildlife watchers can have on animals in both captive and noncaptive settings. An important claim made by both captive wildlife-based tourist attractions and those who support wildlife viewing in noncaptive settings is that these wildlife experiences provide opportunities to encourage visitors to develop greater wildlife conservation awareness. This claim is, however, largely untested in any setting and there has been very little research comparing visitors and their experiences across different types of wildlife-based tourism. This study compared wildlife-based tourism attractions in three different groups—captive, controlled, and noncaptive—in terms of visitor profiles, encounters with wildlife, images of wildlife, and learning about the wildlife. The results indicated significant and substantial differences between the three types of setting on many of the variables analyzed. Overall the results provide little support for the claims that any wildlife-based tourism experiences enhance wildlife conservation awareness.
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Abstract The Gajahwong watershed is part of the Opak watershed. The development of urban areas in the Opak watershed is very massive. The development of the urban regions in the Gajahwong watershed is the occurrence of land conversion from non-built land to built-up land. The land cover change will result in changes in the hydrological response of the watershed. The results showed that in the Gajahwong watershed, there was a decrease in agricultural land in the Gajahwong watershed, which was initially 30,209 km 2 in 2016, down to 20,204 km 2 in 2020. Agricultural land declines due to the conversion of functions to built-up land. Built-up land in the Gajahwong watershed increased by 4,483 km 2 . This condition resulted in an increase in the CN value in the Gajahwong watershed from the original in 2016 having a CN II of 73 and then increasing to 74. The results show that in 2016, the Gajahwong watershed had a peak discharge of 14.9 m 3 /s; in 2020, the peak discharge in the Gajahwong watershed decreased to 11.8 m 3 /s. The volume runoff in the Gajahwong watershed also reduced from 2880.21 mm in 2016 and then in 2020 to 2011,39 mm.
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A two‐factor awareness‐appraisal model suggests that individuals' reactions to threatening circumstances are shaped by their awareness of the threat and their appraisal of the degree of threat the circumstances pose to them. This approach, applied to watershed conservation, predicts that individuals will be willing to clean up the rivers and streams of their watershed if they are familiar with local water features (rivers, streams, ponds, lakes) and if they consider these features of the watershed to be degraded. We tested the model by measuring watershed knowledge, appraisal of watershed quality, value assigned to protecting the watershed, and behavioral intentions regarding watershed preservation in a survey of 1,128 residents of two urban watersheds. The results supported the awareness‐appraisal model: Those residents who were aware of their watershed and considered it polluted expressed the strongest pro‐preservation behavioral intentions. These relationships were held in both watersheds, but were stronger for those who resided in the more degraded watershed .
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This study was conducted to identify the runoff characteristics of non-point source according to rainfall in Dalseo and Daemyung watershed. Land-uses of the Dalseo and Daemyung watershed were surveyed to urban $72.1\%$ and mountainous $6.7\%$ , and urban $49.3\%$ and mountainous $20.5\%$ , respectively Mean runoff coefficients in each area were estimated to Dalseo watershed 0.49 and Daemyung watershed 0.16. In the relationship between the rainfall and peak-flow correlation coefficients(r) were determined to Dalseo watershed 0.9060 and Daemyung watershed 0.5620. In the relationship between the antecedent dry period and flrst flow runoff correlation coefficients(r) were determined to Dalseo watershed 0.7217 and Daemyung watershed 0.2464. In the relationship between the rainfall and watershed loading, exponent values of SS in Dalseo and Daemyung watershed were estimated to 0.54 and 0.496, respectively.
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Watershed 변환은 수학적 형태학 분야로부터 나온 인기 있는 세분화 방법이다. 쌀, 밀, 옥수수는 전통적인 watershed 알고리듬에 의해 과세분화되어진다. 그러므로 이 논문은 확장된 최대 변환을 위해 이중 레벨의 임계치를 순간 유지하는 임계치값의 자동 선택에 의해 향상된 watershed 세분화 알고리듬을 제안한다. 첫 번째로 변형된 거리 영상은 자동 선택된 임계치를 위해 이중 레벨의 임계치를 순간 유지하여 진행되어 진다. 선택된 임계치는 확장된 최대 변환을 위해 사용되고 watershed 변환은 마무리 된다. watershed 등선 라인은 원 이진영상으로 중첩되어진다. 실험적 결과는 이런 진행과정들은 더 크게 확장하여 과세분화된 문제점을 해결 하는 것을 보인다.
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Design of wildlife passage is a feasible means to reduce the effect of wildlife's living environment caused by highway construction.Some research findings of wildlife passage at home and abroad were analyzed.On the basis of wildlife physiological habits investigation and analysis along highway,influencing facfors of using passage,wildlife passage type,assistance way and observation system,design means was generalized.Some suggestions on design wildlife passage are put forward in highway constrution of our country.
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The watershed characteristics were analyzed based on DEM and HEC for the major processes of lowland water infilling,calculation of water flow direction,water flow accumulation,and water network layout,finally the digital basin was generated.The Chunhua watershed in Jiangning,southern Jiangsu,was taken as a case study using the new tool set.The results of the study show:the watershed boundary line is almost identical to the ridge line in the mountain areas that are less impacted by human,but the result is much different from the actual watershed in the flat areas or areas that are much impacted by human.The watershed boundary line needs to be revised artificially further.In view of efficiency and precision,it is viable to use this new tool to extract watershed characteristics.
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Abstract Land use change is the most pervasive force driving the degradation of watershed ecosystems. This article combines an econometric model of land use choice with models of watershed health indicators to examine the effects of land use policies on watershed ecosystems through their effect on land use. Our results suggest that incentive‐based land use policies and property acquisition programs can have relatively large positive impacts on watershed health, while policies that change the returns to land use are less effective. The results suggest that there is potential for targeting these policies because their impacts vary across watersheds with different land use mixes.
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