Watershed Pollution and Preservation: The Awareness–Appraisal Model of Environmentally Positive Intentions and Behaviors
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A two‐factor awareness‐appraisal model suggests that individuals' reactions to threatening circumstances are shaped by their awareness of the threat and their appraisal of the degree of threat the circumstances pose to them. This approach, applied to watershed conservation, predicts that individuals will be willing to clean up the rivers and streams of their watershed if they are familiar with local water features (rivers, streams, ponds, lakes) and if they consider these features of the watershed to be degraded. We tested the model by measuring watershed knowledge, appraisal of watershed quality, value assigned to protecting the watershed, and behavioral intentions regarding watershed preservation in a survey of 1,128 residents of two urban watersheds. The results supported the awareness‐appraisal model: Those residents who were aware of their watershed and considered it polluted expressed the strongest pro‐preservation behavioral intentions. These relationships were held in both watersheds, but were stronger for those who resided in the more degraded watershed .Keywords:
Watershed Management
Existing problems confronting the traditional soil and water conservation are analyzed.In combination with the successful watershed management practices in Loess Plateau,the paper in troduced several new watershed management concepts as integrated watershed management,sustainable alternative livelihoods,participatory approach,sector cooperation,along with their applications in sub-watershed management practice.It is expected these new watershed management concepts are to be applied wildly and boost the efficacy of watershed management.
Watershed Management
Loess plateau
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Proper management of small rural watershed is important since it does affect water quality improvement of larger scale watershed. Therefore, effective small watershed management guideline including participatory program of local people is required to achieve water environment improvement. Feasibility of water quality goal, short and long-term watershed management plan and funding sources were investigated by field monitoring of Hampyungchun watershed which has characteristics of rural stream, and literature review. The relevant parties and their roles fer watershed management were identified and suggested. A hybrid model, that is mixture of government driven model and NGO model, is recommended for watershed management organization in this study.
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Currently,watershed management has become a tried and true mode in most countries and regions of the world.Watershed management has been constantly explored by most countries,and both the theory and the practice of river basin management have been greatly enriched.However,watershed management is still in the initial stage of exploration in our country.Therefore,how to learn the foreign successful experience in watershed management in order to form an effective watershed management model in our country has been one of the major tasks in water resources management.In order to provide some useful lessons to domestic watershed management practice,this paper summarized the successful experience and the existing problems of three representative watershed management modes,that is the Tennessee River watershed management mode,Australia Murray-Darling River watershed management model and the Thames River watershed management model in British.This paper took Yalong River hydropower development as an example.The authors first conducted a comprehensive analysis of the actual situation in Yalong River watershed.Second,River watershed and the three foreign watersheds were compared.Third,the authors adequately took the successful experience in watershed management model of the three foreign watersheds for reference to put forward the relevant measures and suggestion to the Yalong River watershed management.
Watershed Management
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In this study, it aimed to present the necessity of watershed partnership by the regional management activity in the Sagami watershed. The expectation as a center group from the organization to watershed partnership is had from the watershed conference with the aspect of the watershed management. The watershed conference makes the best use of the feature as the organization, and the source region and the watershed of the role that cooperates the watershed and ties are large in the downstream region. The role that watershed partnership with the downstream region plays for the source region and the upstream region is large, and is necessary and indispensable in the future.
Watershed Management
Watershed area
Feature (linguistics)
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Watershed management - a holistic approach. Watersheds in the United States: the Neponset River - the protype of watershed management in Massachusetts San Pasquale Valley - drinking water for San Diego a Texas based watershed - satisfying the requirements of three different communities imagineering applied to watershed management the challenges of urban stormwater in watershed management watershed management in a sole source aquifer. International: watershed management in the Himalayan foothills watershed management in Thailand the Pacific Rim perspectives in watershed management the Nile river - headwaters to the Mediterranean others.
Watershed Management
Foothills
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ABSTRACT Watershed management activities in Albemarle County and the city of Charlottesville in the Piedmont Region of Virginia have been examined. In recent years these two localities have exhibited an unusual spirit of cooperation and compromise in protecting the area's water supplies. Creation of a unique position of Watershed Management Official, funded equally by both localities, was one of the first steps taken locally in recognizing that watershed management was a continuing process that required the coordination and integration of many diverse activities and recognizing that proper watershed management requires more than best management practices manuals and ordinances; it requires constant site investigations and surveillance of all watershed activities. Protection of existing water supplies is the major goal of watershed management; however, planning for additional and future needs has not been forgotten. Charlottesville and Albemarle County have again taken that necessary first step in planning for the future by providing the mechanism whereby land for a supplemental water supply impoundment and associated buffer area protection zone will be acquired in the near future even though the actual impoundment will not be needed for 20 or 30 years. The aspects and the degree of the cooperation and compromise needed for a successful watershed management program are examined.
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Compromise
Watershed area
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ABSTRACT Generally, effective watershed management is not successful in the Philippines. Interrelated natural processes and human activities in the watersheds which are hard to handle contribute to this failure. An exception to this is the Angat River watershed which remains a well preserved and protected watershed. This paper discusses the management strategies implemented by the National Power Corporation in the Angat watershed which can serve as a valuable lesson in managing tropical watersheds.
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Corporation
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Watershed is a common and open-ended property. Watershed is a property for many parties, both individuals and organizations who have interests of its existence. As open property, each party can freely enter and exit, according to their interests without responsible for maintaining the watershed’s conditions. Condition of watershed can result complex or even conflict. Because each party has different perceptions, interests, and even conflict each other As common and open property, the watershed require joint management. Co-management becomes increasingly important because of watershed flows beyond administrative, territory and authority boundaries of organizations. Watershed management require a new approach which is able to reach out many parties, individuals, organizations and governments. Collaborative approach as a new approach, in contrast with New Public Management approach is emphasizing in property management which is involving multiple parties or organizations, both governmental, private and also community organizations. Case analysis on management of Citarum Watershed shows the complexity of issues of watershed management. In managing the complexity of watershed is need the implementation of collaborative approach which is able to realize the impact of watershed management.
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ABSTRACT: We propose that some watersheds may be better candidates for watershed management than others. The extent of success of watershed management may depend, in part, on attributes intrinsic to watersheds: scientific feasibility, social feasibility, and motivational feasibility. Using illustrations from New Jersey watershed management efforts, we tie scientific feasibility to the nature of environmental problems and the scientific capability to solve them. Social feasibility encompasses civic infrastructure and engagement. Motivational feasibility includes issue salience linked to values or economic considerations. We suggest that assessments should be made about the viability of watershed management in specific watersheds and that priorities should be developed based on these assessments. Research on watershed management should explore not only how to improve watershed management but also where to conduct it.
Watershed Management
Salience (neuroscience)
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Based on a study of research and experiences in Thailand, this paper provides an overview of the implementation and challenges of watershed management, as well as potential solutions. The review found hierarchical ambiguity, inconsistency, and asynchrony across rules, as well as a lack of (participation, synchronization, and coordination) among watershed management stakeholders. Deficitsin the planning phase include a lack of integration between sectors, a lack of community participation, and a limited willingness to integrate watershed planning into regional planning. Stakeholder participation is also essential for the successful implementation of degraded watershed rehabilitation, including in terrestrial forest and mangrove regions. Failure should be minimized by providing adequateknowledge about degraded watershed characteristics, selecting appropriate plant species, and employing good mechanical construction techniques for soil and water conservation. Increase public understanding of the importance of a sustainable watershed and provide opportunities for community involvement in each phase of watershed management to achieve community participation as the majordriver of watershed management. Another issue is data gaps, which must be addressed from the designthrough the evaluation stages. The gaps can be filled using remotely sensed data and hydrologically based modeling models. Simplified watershed assessment criteria may also be required, depending on site-specific challenges and the extent of the watershed.
Watershed Management
Time of concentration
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