Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles
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We create colloidal crystal assemblies over large areas containing up to 4 different functionalised polystyrene and silica particles. The method utilises evaporation induced self-assembly from colloidal suspensions confined on a hydrophilic surface. The morphology of the crystals is tuned by the particle size ratio employed during assembly.
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Abstract Summary: A numerical method is presented for simulating charged colloidal dispersions in electrolyte solutions. Utilizing a smoothed profile for colloid‐solvent boundaries, efficient mesoscopic simulations are enabled for modeling dispersions of many colloidal particles exhibiting many‐body electrostatic interactions. The validity of the method was examined for simple colloid geometries, and the efficiency was demonstrated by calculating stable structures of two‐dimensional dispersions, which resulted in the formation of colloidal crystals. Formation of a charged colloidal crystal. magnified image Formation of a charged colloidal crystal.
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We present a new procedure to prepare high-quality colloidal crystals at a flat wall, which was oriented vertically in a colloidal suspension. The method is based on the depletion-induced effective attraction between the colloidal particles themselves and between the colloidal particles and a flat wall. The concentrations of the colloidal particles and the depletion agents (polymers in this case) were chosen in such a way that phase transition occurred not only at the wall but also in the bulk. In this way, good conditions were obtained to form high-quality colloidal crystals, consisting of several layers, at a flat wall in a relatively short time period. The crystals formed were characterized with atomic force microscopy.
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The magnetic fields around submicroscopical iron particles were tested with iron oxide colloid in an electron microscope. The colloid particles usually spread evenly by diffusion. Magnetic fields of several hundred oersteds are required to concentrate the colloid particles visibly at certain spots. We found colloid around iron particles concentrated to various degrees. The colloid was attracted less by smaller particles. The smallest particles did not attract any colloid. The particles were measured and grouped into three following categories: (a) Particles with strong, all around colloid attraction, indicating many domains. Stem volume of the dendritic particles much bigger than 109 A3, (b) Particles with colloid attractions at spots, indicating one or a few domains. (c) Particles without colloid attraction, indicating no well-developed domains. Stem volume much less than 109 A3.
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Although colloidal self-assembled structures have many potential applications in many fields, the limited structure of colloidal crystals has hindered their widespread use. In this study, we have proposed an approach to fabricating various types of 2D colloidal self-assembled structures that cannot be achieved using a conventional colloidal self-assembly method. Several types of colloidal assembly structures including lines, zigzags, and dimers were fabricated by adjusting the lattice space of the bottom layer of binary colloidal crystals. In addition, by selectively sintering the top layer of these new types of binary structures, nanohole arrays and zigzag colloidal rods were produced. This proposed method expands the diversity of colloidal crystal structures, thus colloidal crystals could possibly replace other expensive nanofabrication methods.
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