Systemic Therapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Proposals for the Optimal Use of Pazopanib, Trabectedin, and Eribulin
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Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare tumor with more than 50 histologic subtypes. Although treatment outcomes for patients with STS have improved greatly over the past few decades owing to the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach, patients with advanced disease have a poor prognosis. The development of anticancer drugs has been directed toward improving overall survival (OS). Doxorubicin monotherapy is currently the only standard option for the first-line treatment of STS. However, there is no standard therapy for second-line and later treatment at present. Since 2012, three anticancer drugs-pazopanib, trabectedin, and eribulin-have been approved in Japan for the second-line or later treatment of patients with advanced STS of any histologic subtype. However, the chemosensitivity of STS to each of these drugs varies by histologic subtype and their safety profiles differ; thus, histologic subtype and patient characteristics must be considered when determining optimal treatment. In this article, we review data from clinical studies related to the efficacy of all three drugs, including their effect on OS, and propose optimal treatment strategies for advanced STS by histologic subtype. In addition, with regard to the safety profiles, we highlight the key issues to be considered when selecting patients for treatment with pazopanib, trabectedin, or eribulin and ensuring their appropriate use, based on our combined clinical experience as specialists in the treatment of patients with STS. The proposed treatment strategies as well as treatment precautions based on clinical experience would benefit patients by maximizing the therapeutic effects and enhancing the proper use of these drugs.Eisai Co., Ltd.Keywords:
Eribulin
Trabectedin
Pazopanib
Trabectedin
Eribulin
Pazopanib
Tolerability
Myxoid liposarcoma
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Pazopanib
Trabectedin
Eribulin
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Soft tissue sarcomas are rare disease and the development of efficacious drug is urgently needed. The challenge is continuing, and recently 2 drugs, trabectedin and eribulin, were approved in Japan. Both drugs were investigated in patients with liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma in randomized phase III trials as compared to dacarbazine. Eribulin was superior in terms of overall survival and trabectedin was superior in terms of progression-free survival compared to dacarbazine. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of both drugs.
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Dacarbazine
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Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogenous cancers encompassing more than 100 histological and molecular subtypes. Their extreme rarity underscores the need for international collaboration to identify specific treatment protocols. Increasing knowledge of STS complexity as defined by molecular biology has led to the introduction of targeted therapies for several sarcoma subtypes, which is an encouraging start. In advanced STS, doxorubicin-based regimens are standard first-line chemotherapy. Options for second and later lines include ifosfamide, trabectedin, pazopanib, eribulin and gemcitabine-based regimens. Histological subtype has become a key factor when selecting best options to treat advanced sarcoma; however, the challenges of identifying optimal treatments for all STS histotypes are undeniably formidable. Fortunately, the sarcoma community shares the common goal of seeking greater knowledge about the characteristics of each subtype in order to improve diagnosis and outcomes. Progress made to date in this regard suggests that the vision to treat by subtype is achievable.
Trabectedin
Eribulin
Pazopanib
Ramucirumab
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Eribulin
Trabectedin
Dacarbazine
Progression-free survival
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Innovative drugs eribulin and trabectedin are effective in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) – rare, but severe malignancies. Aim of the study . To perform the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of these two agents used with the second and subsequent lines of chemotherapy in common/metastatic STS, in theRussian Federation. Materials and Methods . Direct, indirect and meta-analytic comparisons were applied to the results of two multicenter, randomized phase III clinical studies, on effectiveness and safety of trabectedin and eribulin as compared with dacarbazine for the treatment of severe anthracyclines-resistant lipoand leiomyosarcoms. The 12-month survival rate and the occurrence of adverse events were the endpoint parameters in this study. The impact on the budget and the “cost-effectiveness” index were also analyzed. Results . The relative number of patients, who survived for 12 months and continued their treatment with the given drug, was 53% in the eribulin group, and 18% in the trabectedin group. The total number of recorded adverse events was not significantly different between eribulin and dacarbazine. The incidence of adverse events (including haematological) in the trabectedin group was significantly higher than that in the dacarbazine group (lg 95% CI> 1.0). The cost values of different treatment doses of eribulin got into a zone of 1-2 willingness to pay threshold (WPT). The cost of trabectedin treatment was higher than that of eribulin, and even at mid-optimal doses (1.5 mg/m2 ) exceeded 2xWPT. The cost estimating relationship (CER) was 0.69 for trabectedin, and 0.15 for eribulin. Conclusion . In the Health Care system ofRussia, eribulin has a more favorable pharmaco-economic profile than trabectedin. Since STS is viewed as an orphan disease, both drugs are considered important and promising for the Russian oncological services.
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Sarcomas are rare, life-threatening, malignant tumors. Surgery is the cornerstone of therapy in the localized setting. About one-third of patients develop distant metastasis. In the metastatic setting, systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment, and several second-line options are available, proving a modest survival increase for these patients. Trabectedin is an active drug with several described mechanisms of action. Although the objective response rate is low, about one-third of patients achieve disease stabilizations and a prolonged disease control. Interestingly, it has no accumulative toxicities. Pazopanib is the only targeted therapy approved for soft-tissue sarcoma (STS), with the exception of adipocytic sarcoma. Eribulin represents a recently approved therapeutic option for liposarcoma. Other drugs such as gemcitabine combinations, dacarbazine, and taxanes have also shown activity in second lines in advanced STS. The selection should be based on histologic subtype, patient characteristics, and toxicity profile among other factors. This review will summarize clinical development of the current and future therapeutic options for this heterogeneous group of diseases.
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Systemic therapy
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Abstract Background Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an exceedingly rare and orphan disease, without active drugs approved in the front line. Pazopanib and trabectedin are licensed for sarcoma treatment from second-line, but very little and contradictory data are available on their activity in ASPS. Lacking ongoing and/or planned clinical trials, we conducted a multi-institutional study involving the reference sites for sarcoma in Europe, U.S., and Japan, within the World Sarcoma Network, to investigate the efficacy of pazopanib and trabectedin. Materials and Methods From May 2007, 14 of the 27 centers that were asked to retrospectively review their databases had identified 44 advanced ASPS patients treated with pazopanib and/or trabectedin. Response was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were computed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results Among 30 patients who received pazopanib, 18 were pretreated (13 with other antiangiogenics). Response was evaluable in 29/30 patients. Best responses were 1 complete response, 7 partial response (PR), 17 stable disease (SD), and 4 progressions. At a 19-month median follow-up, median PFS was 13.6 months (range: 1.6–32.2+), with 59% of patients progression-free at 1 year. Median OS was not reached. Among 23 patients treated with trabectedin, all were pretreated and evaluable for response. Best responses were 1 PR, 13 SD, and 9 progressions. At a 27-month median follow-up, median PFS was 3.7 months (range: 0.7–109), with 13% of patients progression-free at 1 year. Median OS was 9.1 months. Conclusion The value of pazopanib in advanced ASPS is confirmed, with durable responses, whereas the value of trabectedin appears limited. These results are relevant to defining the best approach to advanced ASPS. Implications for Practice This retrospective study, conducted among the world reference centers for treatment of sarcoma, confirms the value of pazopanib in patients with advanced alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), with dimensional and durable responses, whereas trabectedin shows a limited activity. Alveolar soft part sarcoma is resistant to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pazopanib and trabectedin are licensed for treatment of sarcoma from second line; in the lack of prospective clinical trials, these results are relevant to defining ASPS best management and strongly support initiatives aimed at obtaining the approval of pazopanib in the front line of the disease.
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Trabectedin
Progression-free survival
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Pazopanib, trabectedin, and eribulin are administered for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs); however, there is little consensus on which agent should be preferentially used in a clinical setting. This study assessed whether peripheral immune-related markers served as a useful reference when selecting pazopanib, trabectedin, or eribulin. This study included 63 patients who were administered pazopanib, trabectedin, or eribulin for advanced STSs between March 2015 and December 2020. Patients were divided into three groups based on the first drug administered among these three drugs. Differences in overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) among the three groups were analyzed. OS showed no significant differences among the drugs administered first. For patients with low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the OS of patients administered pazopanib as the first choice was shorter than the others (hazard ratio [HR] = 9.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.94-18.13, p = 0.0018). In the low platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) subgroup, the OS of the patients administered eribulin for the first choice was longer than that of the others (HR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.10-0.98, p = 0.046). Therefore, NLR and PLR might be used as prognostic indicators to dictate whether STS patients receive pazopanib, trabectedin, or eribulin.
Pazopanib
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Pomalidomide
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Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare tumor with more than 50 histologic subtypes. Although treatment outcomes for patients with STS have improved greatly over the past few decades owing to the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach, patients with advanced disease have a poor prognosis. The development of anticancer drugs has been directed toward improving overall survival (OS). Doxorubicin monotherapy is currently the only standard option for the first-line treatment of STS. However, there is no standard therapy for second-line and later treatment at present. Since 2012, three anticancer drugs-pazopanib, trabectedin, and eribulin-have been approved in Japan for the second-line or later treatment of patients with advanced STS of any histologic subtype. However, the chemosensitivity of STS to each of these drugs varies by histologic subtype and their safety profiles differ; thus, histologic subtype and patient characteristics must be considered when determining optimal treatment. In this article, we review data from clinical studies related to the efficacy of all three drugs, including their effect on OS, and propose optimal treatment strategies for advanced STS by histologic subtype. In addition, with regard to the safety profiles, we highlight the key issues to be considered when selecting patients for treatment with pazopanib, trabectedin, or eribulin and ensuring their appropriate use, based on our combined clinical experience as specialists in the treatment of patients with STS. The proposed treatment strategies as well as treatment precautions based on clinical experience would benefit patients by maximizing the therapeutic effects and enhancing the proper use of these drugs.Eisai Co., Ltd.
Eribulin
Trabectedin
Pazopanib
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Citations (60)