Uji Penurunan Kandungan COD, BOD pada Limbah Cair Pewarnaan Batik Menggunakan Scirpus Grossus dan Iris Pseudacorus dengan Sistem Pemaparan Intermittent
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Mostly, batik industrial wastewater is produced from batik coloring process. One of this batik industry is located in Jetis, Sidoarjo since 1675. The wastewater produced from the coloring process in this location is directly dumped to Jetis river or drainage system around the area. One of the effective, efficient, and not costly wastewater treatment is by using phytotreatment process.Plants used in this research are Scirpus grossus and Iris pseudacorus. Both of this plants can grow in polluted environment and suitable to be used in wastewater treatment process. Moreover, both of these plants are semi aquatic plant that can grow in both wet and dry condition. Intermittent exposure system can be applied to increase the efficiency of the phytotreatment process for batik industry wastewater. This system connects plant and wastewater periodically through flood and drain cycle (F/D). This exposure can increase redox condition, so it can increase removal efficiency.The study variables used in this research are species variation of plants Scirpus grossus and Iris pseudacorus (single plant or combined plant) and intermittent exposure system variation, which is F/D 2:1 and F/D 1:2. The Primary parameter of this research is the concentration reduction of BOD, COD, and color. The secondary parameter such as plant morphology, wet weight, and dry weight, pH, and temperature.Preliminary research that has been done for this research is plant acclimatization and range finding test to determine the wastewater concentration. Phytotreatment test is conducted for 18 days in intermittent phase. The result shows that the best variable to remove pollutant is combined plant reactor with intermittent exposure of F/D 2:1 is able to remove 89% of COD and 97% of BOD.Keywords:
Scirpus
Research and experiment are conducted on the technologies used in biochemical wastewater treatment to alleviate the influence of oilfield sewage on the environment,fully use waste water,and reduce the use of fresh water.Other systematic processes and technologies are combined to be used in wastewater treatment,which helps to realize the wastewater reinjection in low-permeability oilfields and enables the oilfield wastewater to meet the discharge standard.In view of the problem that the wastewater reinjection in low-permeability does not easily meet the standard,the fine wastewater treatment process,based on biochemical treatment and fine filtration,is experimentally applied to Block Fan41 of Daluhu Oilfield.The wastewater disposed reaches Grade A1 of the standards.To solve the treatment difficulty of polymer-contained wastewater,the biochemical treatment technology is used to reduce the chemical oxygen consumption of wastewater.As a result,the wastewater disposed reaches the environmental protection standard.Lab research and field experiment results show that oilfield wastewater can be treated with biochemical methods as long as favorable microbes are selected and applied.
Filtration (mathematics)
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The number of microbreweries in Sweden has grown a lot since 2009, from about 30 to 240 breweries. In the production of beer, wastewater is also produced which must be taken care of to avoid inconvenience to people and the environment. How the wastewater should be treated has been a problem for a couple of breweries. This study is based on a case study, Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri, that needs a new wastewater treatment. Within the case study characteristics in the wastewater was identified by sampling and analysis in the laboratory. The most noticeable results of the sampling of the wastewater were high levels of COD and BOD, high levels of phosphorus in comparison with the levels of nitrogen, and a low pH in the wastewater. To find out what kind of wastewater treatment methods to use at Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri, a survey was made to identify wastewater treatment methods used in Swedish microbreweries. The survey was targeted against major micro breweries in Sweden. The major micro breweries in Sweden was 56 in total, of which 20 of them answered the survey. The survey showed that most of the breweries used municipal wastewater treatment with some pre-treatment in the form of a collection tank, to give more even wastewater, and pH adjustment. Other breweries spread their wastewater on farmland, used an infiltration plant or had an internal wastewater treatment plant. In order to evaluate which wastewater treatment method suited Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri, a matrix was made on the treatment methods identified in the survey. Municipal wastewater treatment has the best degree of purification and control after the treatment but would mean a huge cost for Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri. Using infiltration by sludgy would mean a good degree of purification together with a pre-treatment to lower the level of phosphorus, is easy to control and would therefore be a suitable treatment for Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri. An alternative is spreading the wastewater on farmland or Salix which also have showed good degree of purification and could be controlled due to the farmlands drainage system which ends up in a ditch. (Less)
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Scirpus
Typha
Typha angustifolia
Mesocosm
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Aim: Wastewater is generated in the daily activities of population. In order to ensure the continuous treatment of wastewater, we maintain wastewater network system and operate wastewater treatment plants. The position and condition of wastewater treatment plants plays an important role in maintaining the safety of society, since untreated wastewater may cause significant health and environmental problems if it is released untreated into the environment. The aim of this article is to examine the complex protection situation of wastewater treatment plants.Methodology: This article is based on literature, on-site observation and analysis of images available on Google Maps.Findings: Without the complex protection of the wastewater treatment plants, the continuous provision of wastewater treatment cannot be maintained.Value: The article focuses on the situation of the fences as one element of the outdoor protection, which is part of the complex protection system of wastewater treatment plants.
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The purpose of this work was to determine the optimal percentage of wastewater from cesspool in the mixture of wastes subjected to treatment processes, which will not have a negative impact on the functioning of the collective treatment plant. The study was carried out over a period of two years, with 48 samples of wastewater flowing in from the sewage network and delivered with the slurry tanker collected and subjected to physical and chemical analysis. The analysis included: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Nitrogen (TN). In addition, the study defined the daily balance of the amount of inflowing and transported wastewater. Based on the analysis carried out, it was found that the unit loads of BOD5, COD and TN in the mixture of wastewater subjected to the treatment process will be at the level of loads assumed in the project, when the share of supplied wastewater, i.e., from cesspool, will be at the level of 5% of the total amount of wastewater. Considering that in the analysed period the total average daily amount of wastewater subjected to the treatment process was 253.5 m3·d−1, the optimal amount of wastewater delivered should be 12.7 m3 in each day of the week.
Biochemical oxygen demand
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Wastewater must be treated in order to reduce the environmental impact of used water and to ensure the efficient use of its resources. Physical, chemical, and biological treatment techniques are used to treat domestic wastewater. It's crucial to either optimize existing processes for domestic wastewater, which has different characteristics in terms of wastewater characterization, or use appropriate treatment technologies, taking into account the conditions in the region where the plant will be built. In this study, the wastewater treatment plant for the Hakkari city centre, where there is no wastewater treatment plant and wastewater is discharged without treatment, was designed and modeled using the GPS-X simulation program.
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In the present study, the potential of aquatic plant Scirpus lacustris L. for degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has been investigated. The study was carried out at laboratory-scale constructed wetland. Plants of the studied species were collected from local pond in an urban landscape. Scirpus lacustris was planted onto the sand (d=1-2 mm) and after acclimated period the wetland system was exposed to 5 mg/L concentration of LAS. The experiments were performed in the absence of nutrients. The amount of LAS which was removed by Scirpus lacustris L. after 7 days was 95, 22%. LAS adsorption process onto sand surface was taken into consideration. The COD measurement results indicate very low concentration of organic matter in water samples (up to 20 mg/L). At the end of experiment there was no change in the chlorophyll content in analysed tissue of treated plants compared to the control plant. The results showed that under these experimental conditions there was no effect of LAS on plants morphology. Data obtained from this preliminary study demonstrated the phytoremediation potential of Scirpus lacustris L. for tackling the problem of environmental contamination by surfacants successfully. However, more intensive future research is required to explore various aspects of this approach
Scirpus
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Outdoor pot experiments were conducted to investigate seven hydrophytes' removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water.Results indicated that all of the seven species grew well in the constructed wetlands,and showed excellent nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacities.When SRP and TP influent concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 1.25 mg/L,and 0.6 to 1.3 mg/L,respectively,SRP and TP removal efficiencies of each hydrophyte showed a consistent trend with the fluctuation of influent concentrations,and SRP removal rates were somewhat higher than TP removal rates.Among the seven hydrophytes,Lythrum salicaria Linn has the best SRP and TP removal capacities.When compared with the unplanted pot,Lythrum salicaria Linn increased the average SRP and TP removal rates by 12.15%and 14.36% respectively,while SRP and TP removal efficiencies of Phragmites communis only increased by 8.61% and 6.73%.As for TN removal performance,there was significant difference among the seven hydrophytes.After comparing with the unplanted pot,Scirpus validus Vahl showed most excellent TN removal capacity,it increased average TN removal rates by 18.19%,while 17.84% for Typha angustifolia Linn,16.0% for Phragmites communis,14.85% for Canna generalis,12.6%for Acorus tatarinowii Schott,7.93% for Iris wilsonii Wright and 7.56% for Lythrum salicaria Linn respectively.The research showed that Scirpus validus Vahl,Typha angustifolia Linn and Phragmites communis have the potentiality to be used as constructed wetland hydrophytes to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in northern China.
Scirpus
Phragmites
Typha
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PER: and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitously distributed in wastewater, due to their numerous uses in industry and consumer products, but little is known of PFAS mass flows in municipal wastewater network systems and within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study assessed mass flows of 26 PFAS in a wastewater network and WWTP, to provide new insights into their sources, transport, and fate in different treatment steps. Wastewater and sludge samples were collected from pumping stations and the main WWTP in Uppsala, Sweden. PFAS composition profiles and mass flows were used to identify sources within the sewage network. Wastewater from one pumping station showed elevated concentrations of C3-C8 PFCA, likely caused by an industrial source, and two stations had elevated concentrations of 6:2 FTSA, probably originating from a nearby firefighter training facility. Within the WWTP, short-chain PFAS dominated in wastewater, whereas long-chain PFAS dominated in sludge. The ratio of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSA) and ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (EtFOSAA) to ∑26PFAS decreased during the WWTP process, likely due to sorption to sludge, but also transformation (EtFOSAA). Overall, PFAS were not efficiently removed in the WWTP, with mean removal efficiency of 10 ± 68% for individual PFAS, resulting in discharge of 7000 mg d-1 ∑26PFAS into the recipient. This shows that conventional WWTPs are inefficient in removing PFAS from wastewater and sludge, so advanced treatment techniques are needed.
Sewage sludge
Industrial wastewater treatment
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