Linear dichroism of DNA: Characterization of the orientation distribution function caused by hydrodynamic shear
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Linear dichroism
Dichroism
Dichroic glass
Principal axis theorem
A new method of measuring linear dichroism is described wherein the determination is carried out with a single spectral run without moving either sample or polarizer. It makes possible, for the first time, reliable quantitative measurements of dichroism. As examples, spectra (down to 180 mμ) of dichroic films of poly-L-lysine and of deoxyribonucleic acid are presented.
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Ultraviolet
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Cellulose triacetate
Linear dichroism
Polarized light microscopy
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Abstract The linear dichroic spectra of DNA-Crystal Violet complexes under flow were measured in the visible absorption region of Crystal Violet at three mixing ratios. The reduced dichroism was both positive (>620 nm) and negative (620–400 nm). The average angles between the transition moments and the orientation axis were estimated.
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We report a method to obtain a light-controllable dichroism. The main effect is achieved using spiropyran-doped (SP-doped) nematic liquid crystal mixtures. SP molecules exhibit a high solubility in the liquid crystal host, which can vary between 1% and 4% in weight, without destroying the liquid crystalline phase. Due to their elongated shape, SP molecules are oriented along the nematic liquid crystal director. The obtained linear dichroism was measured to be 1.08 with a dichroic ratio of 7.12. Further, a two-direction linear dichroism was obtained by adding a dichroic dye to the mixture. The angle between the two dichroic axes was found to be 11°. Two-direction linear dichroism is also light controllable and can be switched back to one-direction dichroism.
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Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has emerged as a molecular-selective imaging technology based on optical absorption contrast. Dichroism-sensitive photoacoustic (DS-PA) imaging has been reported, where the absorption coefficient has a vector characteristic, featuring dimensions of contrast in polarization and wavelength. Herein, we present a DS-PA microscopy (DS-PAM) system that implements optical anisotropy contrast and molecular selectivity. Moreover, we propose mathematical solutions to fully derive dichroic properties. A wavelength for the PAI of collagenous tissue was used, and the proposed algorithms were validated using linear dichroic materials. We successfully mapped dichroic information in fibrous tissue imaging based on the degree of anisotropy and axis orientation, and also deduced mechanical assessment from the tissue arrangement. The proposed DS-PAM system and algorithms have great potential in various diagnostic fields using polarimetry, such as musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.
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Dichroic glass
Linear dichroism
Dichroism
Polyene
Diphenylhexatriene
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Abstract Linear dichroism of 2D materials is brought into practical operation of polarized light detection; currently, organic–inorganic 2D hybrid perovskites with the linear dichroic nature offers immense potentials within this portfolio. Here, a newly tailored 2D hybrid perovskite, ( i BA) 2 (MA)Pb 2 I 7 ( 1 , where MA + is methylammonium and i BA + is n ‐isobutylammonium) is investigated, adopting a highly anisotropic bilayered perovskite motif that results in strong crystallographic‐dependence of linear dichroism. Both the absorption spectra (300–650 nm) and polarized‐sensitive activities of 1 exhibit the distinctive anisotropic characteristics. Consequently, based on this intrinsic linear dichroism, crystal‐based photodetectors of 1 show remarkable polarized‐light detecting behaviors, including quite fast response time (≈300 µs), notable photocurrent on/off ratio (>10 3 ) and large dichroic ratios ( I pb / I pc ≈ 1.20 at 520 nm, 1.23 at 637 nm). Such figure‐of‐merits are comparable to those of the conventional GeSe nanoflakes (the linearly dichroic ratio of ≈1.09 at 532 nm), revealing the great potentials of 1 for the future polarized photodetection. As an innovative work, the intrinsic anisotropy and prominent linear dichroism of 1 , together with the structural flexibility, opens up a promising avenue for exploring new candidates for the 2D polarized optoelectronic applications.
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The discovery of magnetic dichroism in photoemission is celebrating its 25th anniversary this year. Here a review of the underlying general theory for the angular and spin dependence of dichroic core-level photoemission is presented using both a single-particle model and a many-body approach. The established methods of angular momentum coupling offer an elegant and powerful way to analyse the magnetic dichroism and spin polarization in photoemission from core and localized valence levels. In the presence of core-valence interactions one can distinguish different fundamental spectra, which via sum rules are related to physical properties described by coupled tensor operators for spin and orbital moments. By separating the angular dependence from the physical information, different geometries can be distinguished to measure the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), linear dichroism (LD), circular dichroism in the angular dependence (CDAD), and magnetic linear dichroism in the angular dependence (MLDAD). Various ways to probe the core-hole polarization are discussed, such as using the angular dependence, moment analysis of the spectral distribution, and resonant photoemission decay.
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Vibrational Circular Dichroism
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Linear dichroism measurements are used to study a specimen of composition Y3Fe5-xSixO12 with x=0.08. After cooling the specimen to 1.9 K in an applied saturating magnetic field directed along the (111) crystallographic direction, a spontaneous dichroism of 9.6% was observed using radiation of wavelength 1250 nm; the dichroic axis was along the field direction. Removal of the applied field caused little change in the dichroism. However by irradiating the specimen with plane polarized near infrared radiation whose E vector was along the (111) direction, the dichroic axis was caused to rotate and to lie along this direction. The authors interpret this to mean that the magnetization of the specimen was also switched between these axes. However the rotation of the magnetization did not occur coherently throughout the whole irradiated volume of the specimen.
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Linear dichroism
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Linear dichroism
Chromophore
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