Study of Spine Rotator Muscles in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients
Marcelo WajchenbergDélio Eulálio MartinsRafael Paiva LucianoDavid Del CurtoEduardo Barros PuertasBeny SchmidtAcary Souza Bullé Oliveira
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Introduction Several studies have presented morphological, biochemical, and histopathological changes in the paraspinal skeletal muscle of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Some abnormalities, such as an increased amount of type I fibers in the concavity and the decreased number of type II in the convexity, an increase in the intracellular concentration of glycogen and lipids, structural changes in the sarcolemma and myotendinous junction, changes in the activity muscle enzyme, and an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, have been demonstrated. The aim of this article is to evaluate the rotator muscle fibers at the apical vertebra of curves of patients with AIS by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with AIS submitted to surgical correction between 2010 and 2013 had the spinal rotator muscles biopsied in the concavity and convexity of the apical vertebra of the thoracic curve during the surgery. Serial cryosections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Sudan Red, NADH, ATPase, and Cytochrome oxidase. We evaluated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, fatty proliferation, presence of endomysial and perimysial fibrosis, presence of hyaline fibers, mitochondrial proliferation, muscle necrosis, nuclear centralization, and inflammation. Two independent observers evaluated the sections. Results The average value of the angle of the main thoracic curve was 68 degrees Cobb. For analysis of nonparametric paired variables between the concave and convex sides, McNemar test was used with a significance level of 5%. The results of relative frequency and “ p” values showed significant differences in both endomysial and perimysial fibrosis and fatty involution when compared with both sides of the apical vertebra. Conclusion The paraspinal muscles at the apex of the deformity had a higher involvement in the concavity when analyzing the fatty involution and fibrosis. However, both sides showed signs of myopathy, muscle atrophy through areas of necrosis, presence of hyaline fibers, and mitochondrial proliferation.Scoliosis is more common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) than in the general elderly population. We compared clinical characteristics between PD patients with and without scoliosis, to identify the relationship between the direction of scoliosis and the laterality of the dominant symptoms of PD. We also studied the associations between dopaminergic pharmacotherapy and scoliosis (defined by a spinal curvature deviation of 10 degrees or larger).The study population comprised 97 patients (42 men and 55 women) with idiopathic PD. All of the patients submitted to a whole-spine scanograph to allow measurement of the degree of scoliosis by Cobb's method.True scoliosis was found in 32 of the 97 PD patients, and was observed more frequently in women than in men (28 vs. 4, respectively; p=0.006). The age of patients without scoliosis was significantly lower than that of those with scoliosis (66.5+/-9.2 years vs. 72.8+/-7.3 years, respectively, mean+/-SD, p<0.001). There was no correlation between PD symptom laterality and scoliosis. The rate of occurrence of scoliosis did not differ between de novo and levodopa (L-dopa)-treated patients.We suggest that neither L-dopa treatment nor the laterality of the initial symptoms of PD is related to the appearance of scoliosis.
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Abstract Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. There are many types of scoliosis but the most common type, occurring in 80% of the cases, is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This scoliosis is of unknown origin, occurs after age 10, and is more common in girls than boys. Both kids and parents need to be aware of the possibility of scoliosis. Those diagnosed with the disorder need information and support. This article discusses where to find reliable information on the Web concerning scoliosis for both kids and adults.
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Background: The contribution of staining techniques in brightfield microscopy has been remarkable, considering that many of these staining techniques are still widely used for diagnostic purposes more than a century after their introduction. Each working day in laboratories around the world, millions of microscope slides stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin are prepared and viewed by pathologists as part of the diagnostic process. Materials and Methods: The study included histological sections of four groups and 3 hematoxylin solutions. Each group of hematoxylin had sections of four groups. Hence, a total number of 60 sections were made. Results: The analysis of the relationship of the following variables, namely, different alum hematoxylin concluded that Harri’s hematoxylin was superior to Mayer’s and Ehrlich hematoxylin. Conclusion: Our study has shown much promise in exploring Hematoxylin and Eosin stain as a routine staining procedure. The persistence and continuing viability and growth of Hematoxylin and Eosin morphology indicates that this simple technique continues to meet most of the requirements of not only the pathologists but also clinicians, and, let us not forget, patients.
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Background and PurposeaaScoliosis is more common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) than in the general elderly population. We compared clinical characteristics between PD patients with and without scoliosis, to identify the relationship between the direction of scoliosis and the laterality of the dominant symptoms of PD. We also studied the associations between dopaminergic pharmacotherapy and scoliosis (defined by a spinal curvature deviation of 10° or larger). MethodsaaThe study population comprised 97 patients (42 men and 55 women) with idiopathic PD. All of the patients submitted to a whole-spine scanograph to allow measurement of the degree of scoliosis by Cobb’s method. ResultsaaTrue scoliosis was found in 32 of the 97 PD patients, and was observed more frequently in women than in men (28 vs. 4, respectively; p=0.006). The age of patients without scoliosis was significantly lower than that of those with scoliosis (66.5±9.2 years vs. 72.8±7.3 years, respectively, mean±SD, p<0.001). There was no correlation between PD symptom laterality and scoliosis. The rate of occurrence of scoliosis did not differ between de novo and levodopa (Ldopa)-treated patients. ConclusionsaaWe suggest that neither L-dopa treatment nor the laterality of the initial symptoms of PD is related to the appearance of scoliosis. J Clin Neurol 2009;5:91-94 Key WordsaaParkinson’s disease, scoliosis, levodopa.
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A total of 8165 schoolchildren were screened for scoliosis by two teams of orthopaedic surgeons using the same procedures and criteria. Of 790 children who had positive physical signs, 689 were examined roentgenographically. Using 5 and 10 degrees as cut-off points, the prevalence of scoliosis was 6.58 and 2.4 per cent, respectively. A follow-up study of children who had been reported to have scoliosis at the age of eleven months showed that only half of them actually had scoliosis.
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Scoliosis of the spine developing as part of a syndrome is termed syndromic scoliosis. Syndromic scoliosis has been broadly divided into two categories: scoliosis associated with connective tissue disorders and scoliosis associated with genetic disorders. Scoliosis associated with Marfan syndrome is a syndromic scoliosis spinal deformity commonly encountered by spine surgeons in their practice. Syndromic scoliosis often presents with spinal curves early in life. As the child grows, the curvature can progress and worsen. It is imperative to monitor the condition closely because many of these curves may eventually need to be treated. The syndromic population, with spinal deformities and medical comorbidities, is likely to have a significant complication profile. It is essential to have an understanding of the character of the curve and its behavior, management principles, and surgical complications associated with syndromic scoliosis as an important step in the care of these challenging patient populations.
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Abstract This review summarizes current information on structural and functional changes that occur during muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Most published studies consider an increase in total mass of a muscle as hypertrophy, whereas a decrease in total mass of a muscle is referred to as atrophy. In hypertrophy, the rate of synthesis is much higher than the rate of degradation of muscle contractile proteins, leading to an increase in the size or volume of an organ due to enlargement of existing cells. When a muscle remains in disuse for a long period, the rate of degradation of contractile proteins becomes greater than the rate of replacement, resulting in muscle atrophy. This defect may occur as a result of lack of nutrition, loss of nerve supply, micro‐gravity, ageing, systemic disease, prolonged immobilization or disuse. An understanding of the specific modifications that occur during muscle atrophy and hypertrophy may facilitate the development of novel techniques, as well as new therapies for affected muscles.
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