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Abstract Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. There are many types of scoliosis but the most common type, occurring in 80% of the cases, is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This scoliosis is of unknown origin, occurs after age 10, and is more common in girls than boys. Both kids and parents need to be aware of the possibility of scoliosis. Those diagnosed with the disorder need information and support. This article discusses where to find reliable information on the Web concerning scoliosis for both kids and adults.Keywords:
Idiopathic scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis afflicts 2-3% of the population. For mild curvatures, observation is the treatment of choice. Though this passive "wait and see" approach has been used for many years, the practice is inconsistent among different countries. In Anglo-Saxon countries where scoliosis specific exercises are not practised, observation is indicated for curvatures below 25° in growing children and adolescents. In countries, such as France, Germany, Italy and Poland where scoliosis specific corrective exercises are employed, only patients with no signs of maturity and with curvatures below 15° are treated by observation. Patients with curvatures between 15 - 25° are treated by scoliosis specific exercises. In view of the unpredictability of the progression of scoliosis curvatures in immature patients and the lack of knowledge of long term biomechanical repercussions of mild idiopathic scoliosis on lumbar spine and lower extremities, it is proposed that active intervention through scoliosis specific exercises rather than passive observation be employed in the treatment of mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Idiopathic scoliosis
Congenital scoliosis
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Idiopathic scoliosis is commonly found in adolescents of 10 to 17 years of age, patients are required to undergo various types of treatment based on different angles in scoliosis. With the summarized literature and expert opinions, this article describes the treatment and nursing care for various degrees of scoliosis.
Idiopathic scoliosis
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To better understand the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis, prospective research into the pre-scoliotic state is required, but this research is practically impossible to carry out in the general population. The use of 'models', such as idiopathic-like scoliosis established in genetically modified animals, may elucidate certain elements, but their translatability to the human situation is questionable. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), with a 20-fold increased risk of developing scoliosis, may be a valuable and more relevant alternative and serve as a human 'model' for idiopathic scoliosis. This multicenter study investigates the morphology, dynamic behavior, and presence of intraspinal anomalies in patients with 22q11.2DS and scoliosis compared to idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis patients with 22q11.2DS and spinal radiography (n = 185) or MRI (n = 38) were included (mean age 11.6 ± 4.2; median Cobb angle 16°) and compared to idiopathic scoliosis patients from recent literature. Radiographic analysis revealed that 98.4% of 22q11.2DS patients with scoliosis had a curve morphology following predefined criteria for idiopathic curves: eight or fewer vertebrae, an S-shape and no inclusion of the lowest lumbar vertebrae. Furthermore, curve progression was present in 54.2%, with a mean progression rate of 2.5°/year, similar to reports on idiopathic scoliosis with 49% and 2.2-9.6°/year. The prevalence of intraspinal anomalies on MRI was 10.5% in 22q11.2DS, which is also comparable to 11.4% reported for idiopathic scoliosis. This indicates that 22q11.2DS may be a good model for prospective studies to better understand the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis.
Idiopathic scoliosis
Cobb angle
Etiology
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Idiopathic scoliosis
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Idiopathic scoliosis
Congenital scoliosis
Etiology
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The traditional treatment of scoliosis is mainly based on open surgeries that use the anterior approach, the posterior approach, or both. These surgical procedures often lead to complications including massive blood loss, infections, and pain of incision.The minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) was introduced in the 1990s and has shown many advantages including less blood loss, less pain, and lower infection incidences.Today MISS is mainly used in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and adult scoliosis. However, due to some inevitable complications, it still can not be routinely applied.This review will briefly summarize the advances in the application of MISS in surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and adult scoliosis.
Idiopathic scoliosis
Invasive surgery
Minimally invasive procedures
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Idiopathic scoliosis
Etiology
Genetic syndromes
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(p =<0.001, p=<0.001, p=<0.001). ICC scores between PT fair (0.28), slight (0.19) and moderate (0.58) before treatment and fair (0.34), fair (0.28), moderate (0.59) after treatment. Conclusions
Idiopathic scoliosis
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Age terms of spine deformity primary manifestation were studied in 2006 patients with idiopathic scoliosis of various severity degrees. It was determined that first clinical signs of idiopathic scoliosis were revealed in children under 10 years, i.e. before the beginning of puberty. Analysis of data obtained enabled to detect the real share of various types of scoliosis deformity development for different terms of its first manifestation. This gives the possibility to consider the age of initial scoliosis deformity sing as a prognostic factor for the assessment of further orthopedic pathology development in concrete patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
Idiopathic scoliosis
Spinal Deformity
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