Lantana camara, An Alien Weed for Livestock: A Review
Adya Prakash RathKrutanjali SwainSumitra PanigrahiAbhilash RoutraySipra PandaSaraswat SahooSubha Ganguly
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Abstract:
Lantana camara Linn. (Family: Verbenaceae), an ornamental shrub, a noxious weed grows in many tropical and subtropical parts of world. The common name of this ornamental shrub is lantana, wild/red sage, bunch berry, locally known as “Barophulnoo”. The genus Lantana (Verbenaceae) as described by Linnaeus in 1753 contained seven species, six from South America and one from Ethiopia.Keywords:
Lantana camara
Lantana
Noxious weed
Verbenaceae
Ornamental plant
Each kind of weed problem outlined in this chapter is capable of dominating the local economic and social life wherever it occurs. The recent rapid spread and explosive growth of aquatic weeds throughout the wet tropics has produced locally disastrous effects; in the temperate world the harm done by water plants is less dramatic but there has been increased weed growth in polluted water enriched with nutrients. Poisonous plants continue to take a heavy toll of livestock, and man himself may become ill or, less commonly today, actually die, when poisonous plants are eaten inadvertently. In addition, there are plants which although not lethal can in various ways have debilitating effects on man and his animals. Parasitic weeds, once a major concern of farmers in Northern Europe, have largely disappeared since seed cleaning and legislation have reduced the sowing of contaminated crop seed. However, in other areas root and stem parasites can occur on almost every major crop, posing severe local problems. Woody species have been taken by man to new areas, where they have sometimes escaped and now dominate the local vegetation; for example, the attractive shrubby Lantana (Lantana camara), which is a non-weedy native of tropical America, was planted by man in other tropical areas, where its vigorous growth, rapid increase and toxicity to livestock have made it a widespread nuisance.
Noxious weed
Lantana
Lantana camara
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Invasive species are thought to influence native biodiversity through a wide range of direct and indirect effects. We examined the influence of an invasive plant, Lantana camara, on butterfly assemblages in a tropical forest in India. Lantana camara typically dominates the understorey in invaded areas and might therefore reduce the availability of resources and microhabitats essential for butterflies. We hypothesized that butterflies would show reduced use of lantana-dominated habitat when compared with native vegetation. We evaluated such reduced habitat use by testing for (1) reduced levels of behaviours other than feeding and (2) fewer butterfly species and individuals in lantana-dominated habitat patches. To test these expectations, three plots of 30 × 30 meters each were laid in lantana-dominated and native-vegetation patches. In total, three plots in native-vegetation and three in lantana-dominated habitat were marked. Butterfly behaviour was measured through focal-animal follows, and abundance and species numbers were investigated using point sampling inside these plots. We found that butterflies showed substantial behavioural differences between lantana-dominated and native-vegetation plots, indicating a possiblity that the invaded patches were relatively less suitable for several butterfly activities. Furthermore, fewer butterfly species and individuals were seen in lantana-dominated compared with native-vegetation habitat, indicating that lantana invasion results in reduced suitability of a habitat. Whether local behavioural effects of invasive plants, such as reduced habitat use, can lead ultimately to reduced population sizes and local extinctions will need to be examined.
Lantana camara
Lantana
Understory
Verbenaceae
Native plant
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Lantana camara Linn. (Family: Verbenaceae), an ornamental shrub, a noxious weed grows in many tropical and subtropical parts of world. The common name of this ornamental shrub is lantana, wild/red sage, bunch berry, locally known as “Barophulnoo”. The genus Lantana (Verbenaceae) as described by Linnaeus in 1753 contained seven species, six from South America and one from Ethiopia.
Lantana camara
Lantana
Noxious weed
Verbenaceae
Ornamental plant
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Aconophora compressa Walker (Hemiptera: Membracidae) has been released as a biological control agent against Lantana camara L. (lantana) (Verbenaceae), a noxious pastoral and environmental weed. In no-choice tests conducted post-release, adult survival was statistically equivalent across the four verbenaceous plant taxa tested, Citharexylem spinosum L. (fiddlewood), lantana and Duranta erecta L. (var. geisha girl and var. Sheena’s gold), but much lower on the two non-verbenaceous host plants, Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don (jacaranda) (Bignoniaceae) and Myoporum acuminatum R.Br. (Myoporaceae). Significantly more eggs were deposited on fiddlewood than on lantana, geisha girl and Sheena’s gold; oviposition was not observed on jacaranda or M. acuminatum. Nymphal development was fastest on fiddlewood followed by lantana, geisha girl, and Sheena’s gold. Nymphal survival across verbenaceous host plants ranged from 42 to 65%, but differences were not significant. A. compressa can survive and reproduce on lantana and build up to high numbers in laboratory settings but this is rarely observed in the field. This disparity between laboratory and field results warrants further investigation.
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Lantana
Verbenaceae
Noxious weed
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The various concentration effects of the growth regulator triapenthenol (0, 43.75, 87.5, 175, and 350 mg/pot) on the growth and flowering of Lantana camara L. subsp. camara under different shading levels (0%, 28%, and 66%) were studied in 1997 and 1998 in a glasshouse in Attica, Greece. It was found that minimum temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density were the most important factors to plant growth. The growth index (GI) decreased as the regulator concentration increased while the number of flower heads per plant increased up to a maximum at the concentration of 87.5 mg triapenthenol per pot with a decrease afterwards, at all shading levels. The interaction between shading level and triapenthenol concentration significantly affected GI and flowering of lantana plants. The growth index of the control plants increased and the number of flower heads per plant decreased significantly at all concentration levels examined, as shading increased from 0% to 66%. Triapenthenol resulted in darker green foliage and at higher concentrations in some leaf distortion. The most attractive plants were produced with triapenthenol concentration of 87.5 mg/pot at the nonshaded plot; they were small with the greatest number of flowers. Chemical name used: ( E )-( RS )-1-cyclohexyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1 H -1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pent-1-en-3-ol (triapenthenol).
Lantana camara
Shading
Lantana
Verbenaceae
Ornamental plant
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Lantana camara Linn. belonging to family Verbenaceae, an exotic ornamental perennial shrub native of tropical America has been introduced to most of the tropical and subtropical regions (Spies, 1984; Fuller and Mc Clintock, 1986). It is generally thought that it reached India in early half of the 19th century as an ornamental plant from Australia. It is categorized as one of the ten worst weeds of the world (Holm and Herberger, 1969; Sharma, 1994). Lantana camara has many common names including Lantana, lakana, wild sega, bunch-berri, lal phulanoo, kukri, punch phul buti etc. It is a poisonous but a highly decorative garden plant that has become an aggressive invader in India and elsewhere.
Lantana camara
Lantana
Verbenaceae
Ornamental plant
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Lantana camara
Lantana
Verbenaceae
Ornamental plant
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Lantana camara is a flowering shrub of the family Verbenaceae, native to the Americas which has become a major invasive weed in the Palaeotropics; affecting both natural and agricultural ecosystems. It has been the focus of classical biological control for over a century but has proven to be a problematic target because of its high genetic diversity. Here, we report on an aggressive pathotype of the microcyclic rust Puccinia lantanae collected in the Amazonian rainforest, which – based on greenhouse screening – is damaging to a wide range of biotypes of the L. camara complex. Host-range testing within the Verbenaceae and related plant families, involving leaf clearing and staining, showed the pathotype to be highly specific to L. camara sensu lato but with detectable symptoms in several other verbenaceous species. These results, together with a taxonomic re-appraisal of Puccinia lantanae, are discussed in relation to the potential of the rust as a classical biological control agent of L. camara. We conclude that this pathotype of P. lantanae is a valuable addition to the biological control armoury and posit that it should be especially successful in humid forest situations.
Lantana camara
Lantana
Noxious weed
Pantropical
Puccinia
Verbenaceae
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Lantana camara L. is an alien plant that has become naturalized in South Africa. It is a problem plant mainly in the subtropical regions of South Africa where it invades both natural bush and plantations.L. camara is poisonous to stock, and by suppressing natural vegetation also reduces the carrying capacity of the veld.
Lantana camara
Lantana
Noxious weed
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Lantana camara
Lantana
Noxious weed
Verbenaceae
Animal ecology
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