Nonylphenol and octylphenol in riverine waters and surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuaries, South China: occurrence, ecological and human health risks
14
Citation
36
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
The temporal–spatial distribution and risks of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in the surface waters and sediments from the six major riverine runoff outlets of the Pearl River Estuaries (PRE) were investigated. NP and OP were detected in all samples. It is worth mentioning that the levels of NP and OP in July in waters ranged from 1,740 to 16,200 ng L−1, and from 1,265 to 15,700 ng L−1, respectively; in sediments, they ranged from 28 to 92 ng g−1 dw and from 2.7 to 42 ng g−1 dw, respectively. According to aquatic risk assessment based on hazard quotient (HQ), NP and OP posed a high potential ecological risk (HQ > 1) to relevant aquatic organisms (excluding the alga, Selenastrum capricornutum), indicating that aquatic organisms, in particular crustaceans, have been significantly affected by NP and OP. Although the risk of NP for humans in water was regarded as endurable according to tolerable daily intake, it was higher than the drinking water safety limit (0.5 μg L−1). The results indicated that the heavy contamination caused by NP and OP and their adverse effect on local aquatic organisms in the PRE deserved to arouse wide concern.Keywords:
Selenastrum
Nonylphenol
Hazard quotient
Tolerable daily intake
Health risk consequences of consumption of heavy metal-contaminated water, shrimp (Macrobrachium macrobrachion) and fish (Brycinus longipinnis) from Benin River in Nigeria were evaluated. Three stations around Koko Community (Abialegbe, Ebenco/Optima and Total Facility) with known anthropogenic activities (industrial and petrochemical installations and loading) were studied. Samples of surface water, shrimp and fish were collected and analyzed using Buck scientific atomic absorption spectrophotometer, model 210VGP. Health risk indices were reported as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ). Eight heavy metals were analyzed in water, shrimp and fish. Nickel (Ni) was observed to be the most dominant heavy metal in water, while Iron (Fe) was the most dominant in shrimp and fish. Heavy metal levels in water were below recommended limits set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) except for cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). Assessment of non-carcinogenic health risk by target hazard quotient (THQ) indicated that THQ estimated for heavy metals in water (dermal exposure) and shrimp were below the threshold value of 1. However, THQ for heavy metals in water (oral exposure) and consumption of fish were above threshold value of 1 indicating potential health risk. Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) estimated for heavy metals in water (oral exposure) and consumption of fish were above 1 indicating potential non-carcinogenic health risk to consumers. The continuous monitoring of heavy metals in Benin River is of necessity in order to ensure the safety of aquatic organisms and humans who rely heavily on aquatic resources.
Hazard quotient
Tolerable daily intake
Macrobrachium
Health Risk Assessment
Cite
Citations (164)
The temporal–spatial distribution and risks of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in the surface waters and sediments from the six major riverine runoff outlets of the Pearl River Estuaries (PRE) were investigated. NP and OP were detected in all samples. It is worth mentioning that the levels of NP and OP in July in waters ranged from 1,740 to 16,200 ng L−1, and from 1,265 to 15,700 ng L−1, respectively; in sediments, they ranged from 28 to 92 ng g−1 dw and from 2.7 to 42 ng g−1 dw, respectively. According to aquatic risk assessment based on hazard quotient (HQ), NP and OP posed a high potential ecological risk (HQ > 1) to relevant aquatic organisms (excluding the alga, Selenastrum capricornutum), indicating that aquatic organisms, in particular crustaceans, have been significantly affected by NP and OP. Although the risk of NP for humans in water was regarded as endurable according to tolerable daily intake, it was higher than the drinking water safety limit (0.5 μg L−1). The results indicated that the heavy contamination caused by NP and OP and their adverse effect on local aquatic organisms in the PRE deserved to arouse wide concern.
Selenastrum
Nonylphenol
Hazard quotient
Tolerable daily intake
Cite
Citations (14)
Hazard quotient
Tolerable daily intake
Food contaminant
Cooked meat
Cite
Citations (29)
Objective. Street-vended foods offer numerous advantages to food security; nevertheless, the safety of street food should be considered. This study has investigated the level of potential toxic metal (Pb, Cd, Hg, Sb, Mn, and Al) contamination among street-vended foods in Benin City and Umunede. Methods. Twenty street food samples were purchased from vendors at bus stops. Metals were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The methods developed by the US EPA were employed to evaluate the potential health risk of toxic metals. Results. The concentrations of the toxic metals in mg/kg were in the range of Pb (0.014-1.37), Cd (0.00-0.00017), Hg (0.00-0.00014), Sb (0.00-0.021), Mn (0.00-0.012), and Al (0.00-0.22). All the toxic metals except Pb were below permissible limit set by WHO, EU, and USEPA. The daily intake, hazard quotient, and hazard index of all toxic metals except for Pb in some street foods were below the tolerable daily intake and threshold value of 1, indicating an insignificant health risk. Total cancer risk was within the priority risk level of 1.0E - 04 but higher than the acceptable risk level of 1E - 06. Conclusion. Consumption of some of these street foods is of public health concern.
Hazard quotient
Tolerable daily intake
Health Risk Assessment
Acceptable daily intake
Cite
Citations (57)
Swordfish
Tolerable daily intake
Hazard quotient
Acceptable daily intake
Food contaminant
Cite
Citations (16)
Selected heavy metals accumulation and health risk assessment were investigated in the tissues of the widely consumed fish (Ethmalosa Fimbriata, Clarias Gariepenus, and Tilapia Guineensis) and shrimp (Macrobrachium Felicinum) species in Calabar. The mean concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Ni were slightly higher than the standard levels and Hg was below detection level for all samples. Zn, Cd and Cu contents of fish and shrimp were below the maximum guideline proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration. The average estimated weekly intake was significantly below the provisional tolerable intake based on the FAO and WHO standards for all studied metals. The combined Total hazard quotient (THQ) of the studied heavy metals were above 1 that is 7.48 for the fish and 7.0 for the shrimp and was highest for Cr suggesting a possible carcinogenic risk to consumers of this product via Cr. The carcinogenic risk of Pb in both species was within the acceptable range of 10-4 -10-6 mg/kg/day. Results of this study reveal an almost safe level of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Hg contents in the fish and shrimp consumed by Crossrivarians but recommend to appropriate authorities to stop the sources and use of Cr, Pb, and Ni.
Hazard quotient
Tolerable daily intake
Aquaculture of tilapia
Cite
Citations (0)
Hazard quotient
Rutilus
Tolerable daily intake
Fish consumption
Health Risk Assessment
Cite
Citations (78)
Nonylphenol
Human breast milk
Tolerable daily intake
Acceptable daily intake
Reference dose
Cite
Citations (168)
Hazard quotient
Tolerable daily intake
Barium
CADMIUM EXPOSURE
Cite
Citations (6)
Giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) is an important marine crustacean widely reared for food all over the world but poses a health risk if it is contaminated by toxic elements. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), i.e. copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in wild- and farm-cultured prawns were measured for the first time to assess the levels of PTEs, their sources and health risks. Average concentrations (mg/kg) of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn in farm prawn were 3.13, 3.06, 14.21, 1.28, 0.50, 1.32, 5.89 and 7.68, respectively, and in wild prawn, they were 0.98, 2.43, 8.48, 0.45, 0.19, 0.46, 2.77 and 3.88, respectively. Except Ni and Zn, the concentrations of PTEs in prawn samples were higher than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC), indicating their contamination by PTEs which might pose risks to human health. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that anthropogenic activities including industrial wastes and agricultural chemicals are substantial sources of PTEs in the samples. Estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and target carcinogenic risk (CR) assessed for potential human health risk implications suggest that the values were slightly higher than the acceptable threshold for both adults and children.
Penaeus monodon
Hazard quotient
Tolerable daily intake
Tiger
Health Risk Assessment
Cite
Citations (6)